工作类型的时空变化:“三个欧洲”的故事

IF 1.8 Q2 SOCIOLOGY International Journal of Sociology Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI:10.1080/00207659.2022.2099615
Egidio Riva, M. Lucchini, Sem Vandekerckhove
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文借鉴了欧洲工作条件调查的三波(2005年、2010年、2015年),在30个欧洲国家(N = 59,839)的代表性样本中,研究了不同工作类型的性质和流行程度,并调查了它们随时间的变化。利用自组织地图,抽样员工首先根据以下维度的相似工作特征分为七种工作类型:物理环境、工作强度、工作时间质量、社会环境、技能和判断力、收入和前景。随后,通过线性回归模型对工作质量的结果进行验证,如幸福感和工作满意度。最后,采用两阶段公式模型,对比了普遍性解释和制度性解释,探讨了工作类型分布的时空变化。结果表明,可以区分出三组国家,它们仅部分符合现有制度分类:i)北部集群(斯堪的纳维亚国家);ii)中西部集群(比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、法国、德国、奥地利、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼亚,还有英国、爱尔兰和马耳他);南部和东部集群(地中海国家,包括塞浦路斯和土耳其,前社会主义欧盟成员国,拉脱维亚和立陶宛)。这些集群表现出工作类型分布变化的具体模式,这些模式与国家经济形势和就业结构的变化关系更密切,而不是与体制变化有关。
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Space-Time Variations in Job Types: A Tale of “Three Europes”
Abstract This article, which draws on three waves (2005, 2010, 2015) of the European Working Conditions Survey, examines the nature and prevalence of different job types in a representative sample of employees in 30 European countries (N = 59,839) and investigates their change over time. Using self-organizing map, sampled employees were first grouped into seven job types, based on similar job features in the following dimensions: physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, social environment, skill and discretion, and earnings and prospects. Subsequently, the resulting job types were validated by linear regression models on outcomes that are indicative of job quality, such as well-being and job satisfaction. Finally, space-time variations in the distribution of job types were explored using a two-stage formulation model that contrasted universalistic and institutional explanations of change. Results indicate that three clusters of countries could be distinguished, which only partially fit into existing regime classifications: i) the Northern cluster (Scandinavian countries); ii) the Central and Western cluster (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Estonia, but also the UK, Ireland and Malta); and iii) the Southern and Eastern cluster (Mediterranean countries including Cyprus and Turkey, the former socialist EU member states, Latvia, and Lithuania). These clusters present specific patterns of change in the distribution of job types that are more closely related to the change in the national economic situation and the employment structure than to institutional variation.
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CiteScore
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自引率
4.80%
发文量
21
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