Structural, electrical, and leakage current characteristics of Sr(Sn,Se)O3 modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics

This paper reports the synthesis and detailed discussion of structural, electrical and leakage current characteristics of strontium stannate-selenite (Sr(Sn,Se)O3) modified bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) compounds with standard formula (1−2x) (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 + x(SrSnO3) + x(SrSeO3) with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15. The materials have been fabricated through a mixed oxide reaction route. The room temperature X-ray structural analysis indicates the formation of single-phase compounds with a rhombohedral crystal system. The SEM micrograph suggests the even distributions of grains with a very small number of voids. Detailed studies of frequency (1 kHz to 1 MHz) and temperature (25–500 °C) dependence of dielectric and other electrical parameters of the studied compounds were obtained using the programmable LCR meter. The ferroelectric behavior in the compounds is confirmed by the P–E hysteresis loop. The J–E characteristics of the materials have shown a very small amount of leakage current density with the presence of an Ohmic conduction mechanism.