评估吸烟者和非吸烟者牙齿重金属沉积与牙周病的关系

Meltem Başaran Acar, Meltem ZİHNİ KORKMAZ
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:重金属通过水、空气和食物等各种来源在体内积累,威胁生命。吸烟是导致这个问题的重要因素之一。尽管有大量的研究表明吸烟对牙周健康的有害影响,但造成这些有害影响的机制尚不清楚。我们研究的主要目的是发现牙齿表面的重金属沉积是否与吸烟的致病潜力有关。材料与方法:本研究共纳入80人,其中女性43人,男性37人。根据临床检查和记忆结果将参与者分为4组,每组20人。临床记录菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙袋深度、探诊出血及临床附着水平。收集需要拔除的牙齿。用ICP-OES仪测定牙表面Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr和Fe的沉积。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov、Student T、Mann Whitney U、单向方差分析、Kruskal Wallis、Ki-Kare、Pearson和Spearman检验进行统计分析。结果:吸烟增加了镉、镍、铬、铅等重金属的积累。吸烟组和牙周炎组的铅水平均高于对照组。在不吸烟的健康组中发现铁含量很高。女性体内的铬和铁含量较高,而男性体内的镉含量较高。铅与牙菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙袋深度、探诊出血呈正相关;以及镍和斑块指数之间的关系。(p=0.000, p=0.009, p=0.025, p=0.011, p=0.019)结论:本研究探讨了重金属在牙表面沉积与吸烟致病的关系。吸烟已被确定为重金属(包括Cd、Ni、Cr和Pb)积累增加的一个重要因素。与对照组相比,吸烟组和牙周炎组的铅水平都较高,这表明铅积累与牙周健康之间存在潜在联系。此外,还观察到基于性别的差异,女性的Cr和Fe水平较高,而男性的Cd水平更高。Pb与各种牙周指数呈正相关,Ni与菌斑指数呈正相关,揭示了重金属沉积对牙周健康的潜在影响。虽然我们的研究结果增强了我们对吸烟、重金属沉积和口腔健康之间相互作用的理解,但需要进一步的研究来充分了解潜在的机制。这些见解可能导致旨在尽量减少重金属积累对口腔健康不利影响的干预措施。
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Assessing the relationship between Tooth Heavy Metal Deposition and Periodontal Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers
Objective: Heavy metals threaten life by accumulating in the body via various sources as water,air and foods. Smoking is one of the important factors that causes this problem. Despite there is an abundant number of studies showing the detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal health, the mechanisms that cause these harmful effects is not clearly known yet. The main aim of our study is to discover whether heavy metal deposition on the tooth surface is related to the disease-causing potential of smoking. Materials and Method: Total of 80 individuals consist of 43 women and 37 men were included in this study. The participants were divided into 4 groups of 20 individuals each according to the results from clinical examination and anamnesis. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level were recorded clinically. The teeth indicated for extraction were collected. Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Fe depositions on teeth were measured by ICP-OES device. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student T, Mann Whitney U, One way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Ki-Kare, Pearson, and Spearman tests were performed for the statistical analysis. Results: Smoking increases the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, Cr, and Pb. The Pb level was higher in both the smoking group and the periodontitis group, compared with the control group. Fe levels were found high in the non-smoking healthy group. Cr and Fe levels were found higher in women while Cd level was higher in men. Positive correlations were found between Pb and plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and bleeding on probing; and also between Ni and plaque index. ( p=0.000, p=0.009, p=0.025, p=0.011, p=0.019) Conclusion: In conclusion, our study explored the connection between heavy metal deposition on tooth surfaces and the disease-causing potential of smoking. Smoking has been identified as a significant factor in the increased accumulation of heavy metals, including Cd, Ni, Cr, and Pb. The higher Pb levels seen in both the smoking and periodontitis groups, compared to the control group, suggest a potential link between Pb accumulation and periodontal health. Additionally, differences based on gender were observed, with women showing higher Cr and Fe levels, while Cd levels were more elevated in men. The positive correlations between Pb and various periodontal indices, along with the correlation between Ni and plaque index, shed light on the potential influence of heavy metal deposition on periodontal health. While our findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between smoking, heavy metal deposition, and oral health, further research is needed to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms. Such insights could lead to interventions aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation on oral health.
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