2D modeling of the human ear using the equivalent mechanical impedance

Several mass–spring–damper models have been developed to study the response of the human body parts. In such models, the lumped elements represent the mass of different body parts, and stiffness and damping properties of various tissues. The aim of this research is to develop a 2D axisymmetric model to simulate the motion of the human tympanic membrane. In this contribution we develop our model using a Comsol Multiphysics software to construct a 2D axisymmetric objects, the acoustic structure interaction between the ear canal (field of propagation of the acoustic wave) and the structure of ear (skin, cartilage, bone, tympanic membrane) was solved using finite elements analysis (FEA). A number of studies have investigated the motion of the human tympanic membrane attached to the ossicular chain and the middle ear cavity. In our model, the tympanic annular is assumed to be fixed and the loading of what comes behind the tympanic membrane as the ossicular chain, while middle ear cavity and cochlea were replaced by the equivalent mechanical impedance of a spring mass damper system. The obtained results demonstrate that the maximum displacements of the umbo are obtained at the frequency range of 0.9–2.6 kHz, the sound pressure gain had the shape of peak with a maximum at 2–3 kHz frequency range. The umbo displacement depends on the damping coefficient d, and the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane was enhanced compared to that at the ear canal entrance.