捕食者Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.)自然作用的野外研究梨梅混交园蚜虫防治及信息素诱捕桃小实蝇的可行性评价

A. El-Din, M. A. Ali, M. El-Khawas, A. Kares
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摘要

本研究记录了2019年Qalubia省两种蚜虫(梨树上的棉蚜和梅树上的粉蚜Hyalopterus pruni)和绿草蛉捕食者Chrysoperla carnea的种群密度,这两种蚜虫分别发生在梨树上和梅树上。获得的数据显示,在整个4个月的研究期间(2019年3月- 6月),梨树和李树上的蚜虫种类都有发生。2019年4月和5月两个月期间,两种树种的蚜虫数量最高。结果还表明,在梨树和李树上蚜虫个体的存在期与在捕食者卡耐特上记录的存在期相同。在李树上放置信息素诱捕器进行田间试验(2019年5月下半月至7月上半月为结果季)。信息素诱捕器在2019年6月上旬(在同一棵李树的同一张胶纸上使用一个或两个信息素胶囊时)记录了桃小实蝇雄性的最高总数。一般情况下,可在实验室中大量饲养草蛉捕食者,并将其释放,以防治梨树、李树和/或其他受这两种蚜虫侵害的果树上的蚜虫。此外,信息素诱捕器还可用于防治易受害虫侵害的李树和果树上的桃蝇。在有害生物综合防治(I.P.M.)计划的框架内,可将臭虫和/或信息素诱捕器与其他可用的安全控制方法结合使用,以保护人类健康和周围环境免受污染。
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Field Studies on the Natural Role of the Predator Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) Attacking Aphids in a Mixed Orchard Containing Pear and Plum Trees, with Evaluating the Possibility of Using Pheromone Traps against the Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders).
The present study was carried out to record the population density of two aphids' species (the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii on pear trees and the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni on plum ones) and the green lacewing predator Chrysoperla carnea, which occurred in a mixed orchard containing both trees, during season 2019, in Qalubia Governorate. The obtained data showed that the occurrence of aphids' species on pear and plum trees covered the whole four months of study (March-June, 2019). Aphids' populations were the highest in their numbers, during the two months April and May 2019, on both the two trees species. The results indicated also that, the existence periods of aphids' individuals on both pear and plum trees were the same as those recorded in case of the predator C. carnea. A field experiment was performed by putting pheromone traps on plum trees (during the fruiting season from the second half of May to the first half of July, 2019). Highest total number of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata males was recorded in pheromone traps during the first half of June, 2019 (when using one or two pheromone capsules on the same glued sheets, on the same plum tree). Generally, the lacewing predator C. carnea can be massed reared in the laboratory and released for controlling aphids on pear and plum trees and/or other fruit trees that are subjected to attack by the two aphids' species. Besides, the pheromone traps can be used against the peach fruit fly B. zonata on plum trees and/or fruit trees that suffer from pest attack. The uses of either C. carnea and/or pheromone traps can be applied with other available safe control methods, in the frame of Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) programs, for protecting man heath and the surrounding environment from pollution.
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