天然气水合物生产测试:设计过程和建模结果

G. Moridis, M. Reagan, A. Queiruga
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引用次数: 7

摘要

本研究的目的是详细分析利用数值模拟方法设计水合物矿床产气现场试验的过程,并讨论与几个此类计划试验相关的建模结果。本文全面讨论了可靠估计产气量所需的数据,并提供了可能对计划测试产生不利影响的生产条件和测试井操作参数的见解。设计过程从建立可靠的地质模型开始。接下来是系统地层学分析,含水合物带和相关夹层的识别,初始条件(压力、温度、相分布和地质力学应力)的定义,所有关键介质特性(流动、热、地质力学)的识别,以及水合物生产测试成功标准的定义。地质模型是最重要的,因为它可以确定系统的边界。在有限的现场测试时间框架内,我们探讨了横向流动边界、顶部流动边界和底部流动边界的相对重要性。水合物聚集的初始压力P是相对可预测的,因为它们几乎总是流体静力的。初始温度T分布很重要,因为T是控制水合物行为的主要参数。了解P和T分布对于确定真正的定常P和T边界是很重要的。其他重要的初始条件有:(a)可能相的空间分布和(b)系统及其周围的地质力学应力。我们讨论了通过模拟的必要数据的可能来源,即使直接测量是不可用的。我们研究了不同参数和坐标系选择对异质性的影响。我们探讨了空间离散化的影响,这是一个尚未得到充分研究的重要课题。最后,我们提供了模拟结果,涵盖了海洋和永久冻土相关水合物矿床生产测试的广泛设计,描述了流体生产、流动和地质力学系统响应,以及对井设计和施工的影响。据作者所知,这是第一次详细讨论水合物产气现场测试设计的推荐流程,以及在测试过程中不仅会影响生产,还会影响系统的流动和地质力学行为的关键问题,以及井建要求的定义。
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Gas Hydrate Production Testing: Design Process and Modeling Results
The objective of this study is to analyze in detail a process for designing by means of numerical simulation a field test of gas production from hydrate deposits, and to discuss modeling results associated with several such planned tests. The paper discusses comprehensively the data required for a reliable estimate of gas production, and provides insights into production conditions and test well operating parameters that can adversely affect a planned test. The design process begins with the development of a reliable geologic model. It is followed by an analysis of the system stratigraphy, the identification of the hydrate-bearing zones and the associated interlayers, the definition of the initial conditions (pressure, temperature, phase distributions, and geomechanical stresses), the identification of all key media properties (flow, thermal, geomechanical), and the definition of success criteria for hydrate production tests. The geologic model is of paramount importance because it can define the system boundaries. We explore the relative importance of lateral vs. top and bottom flow boundaries within the context of the limited time frame of a field test. Initial pressures P in hydrate accumulations are relatively predictable as they are almost invariably hydrostatic. The initial temperature T distribution is important because T is the dominant parameter controlling the hydrate behavior. Knowledge of the P and T distributions are important in determining true time-invariant P- and T-boundaries. Other important initial conditions are (a) the spatial distribution of the possible phases and (b) the geomechanical stresses in the system and its surroundings. We discuss possible sources of the necessary data through analogs even when direct measurements are unavailable. We investigate the effect of heterogeneity in various parameters, and in the choice of the coordinate system. We explore the impact of spatial discretization, an important subject that has yet to be fully investigated. Finally, we provide modeling results covering a wide range of designs for production tests in oceanic and permafrost-associated hydrate deposits that describe fluid production and the flow and geomechanical system response, as well as implications for the well design and construction. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper discussing in detail the recommended process for the design of field tests of gas production from hydrates, and of the key issues that can affect not only production but also the flow and geomechanical behavior of the system during the test and the definition of the well construction requirements.
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