SGLT2 Inhibitors and Its Role in Diabetes

SGLT2 is a low-affinity, and high capacity glucose transporter located in the kidneys (proximal tubule). It is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption. Inhibition of SGLT2 leads to decrease in blood glucose due to increase in renal glucose excretion. The mechanism of action of this newest class of drugs also offers further glucose control by allowing increased insulin sensitivity and uptake of glucose in the muscle cells, decreased gluconeogenesis and improved first phase insulin release from the beta cells.