iB1350: Part 1 — A Generation III.7 Reactor iB1350 and Defense in Depth (DiD)

iB1350 stands for an innovative, intelligent and inexpensive boiling water reactor 1350. It is the only Generation III.7 reactor incorporating Fukushima lessons learned and complying with Western European Nuclear Regulation Association (WENRA) safety objectives. It is about twice safer than any existing Gen III.5 reactors. It has 7-day grace period for SBO and SA without containment venting. It enables no evacuation and no long-term relocation in SA. It, however, is based on the well-established proven ABWR. The NSSS and TI are exactly the same as those of the existing ABWR. The iB1350 only enhanced the ABWR safety by adding an outer well (OW) as additional PCV volume, built-in passive safety systems (BiPSS) for SA, DEC systems and an APC shield dome over the containment. The BiPSS include an isolation condenser (IC), an innovative passive containment cooling system (iPCCS), in-containment filtered venting system (IFVS), and innovative core catcher (iCC). All the BiPSS are embedded and protected in the containment building against APC. No specialized safety features remote from the R/B are necessary, which reduces plant cost. The primary system has only one integrated RPV. There are no SGs, no pressurizer, no core makeup tanks, no accumulators, no hot legs, and no cold legs. The iB1350 consists of only one integrated RPV and passive safety systems inside the containment building. This configuration is simpler than the simplest large PWR and as simple as SMR. While SMR have rather small outputs, the iB1350 has 1350 MWe output. It is simple, large and economic. As for the safety design it has an in-depth hybrid safety system (IDHS). The IDHS consists of 4 division active safety systems for DBA, 1 or 2 division active safety systems for DEC and the built-in passive safety systems (BiPSS) for SA. The IDHS is originally based on the four levels of safety that have provided an explicit fourth defense level against devastating external events even before 3.11. It also can be explained along with WENRA Defense in Depth (DiD). It is said that independence between DiD levels are important. However, there are many exceptions for independence between DiD levels. For example, SCRAM is used in DiD2, DiD3a and DiD3b. Any DiD that allows exceptions of independence of DiD levels is fake. The iB1350 is rather based on the three levels of safety proposed by Clifford Beck (AEC, 1967). There is complete independence between level 2 (core systems) and level 3 (containment systems) without any exceptions of independence. DiD without exceptions of independence is a real DiD. Only passive safety reactors can meet the real DiD.