对极右翼抗议者的行政措施:日本社会控制的一个例子

IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Social Science Japan Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI:10.1093/ssjj/jyab005
Ayaka Löschke
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引用次数: 4

摘要

日本对极右翼示威先发制人的做法产生了重大影响。伴随着仇恨言论的极右翼街头抗议活动正在迅速减少,尽管日本尚未出台惩罚措施。为什么日本的做法会有这样的效果?虽然日本对仇恨言论的管制主要是在法律研究中讨论,但日本对仇恨言论使用行政措施的情况并没有得到重视。本文以2016年《仇恨言论法》的实施为重点,考察了针对极右翼抗议者的行政措施,作为日本“软”社会控制方法的一个例子:不直接禁止而是阻止被认为有害于社会和谐的社会活动。这些措施具有先发制人的性质,是根据地方官员和极右翼活动人士事先就适当使用公共空间和可能的表达方式达成的共识而实施的。本文还表明,日本对待极右翼抗议者和反示威者的方式,都是以与和谐相关的kenka ryōseibai概念为指导的,即在私下争吵中对双方施加惩罚,无论对错。因此,日本对待极右翼抗议活动的方式在监管形式和核心价值观方面不同于传统的美国和欧洲方式。
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Administrative Measures Against Far-Right Protesters: An Example of Japan’s Social Control
Japan’s pre-emptive approach to far-right demonstrations has had a significant impact. Far-right street protests accompanied by hate speech have been rapidly decreasing, although Japan has not introduced penalties. Why did the Japanese approach have such an effect? While the regulation of hate speech in Japan has been discussed mainly in legal studies, Japan’s use of administrative measures against hate speech has not been emphasized. Focusing on the implementation of the 2016 Hate Speech Law, this article examines administrative measures against far-right protestors as an example of Japan’s ‘soft’ approach to social control: not directly banning but discouraging social activities that are deemed harmful to social harmony. These measures have a pre-emptive character and are implemented based on a prior consensus between local officials and far-right activists about appropriate ways to use public spaces and possible expressions. This article also shows that Japan’s treatment of both far-right protesters and counterdemonstrators is guided by the harmony-related concept of kenka ryōseibai, which imposes punishment on both parties in a private quarrel, whether right or wrong. Japan’s approach to far-right protests thereby differs from the conventional American and European approaches in terms of both forms of regulation and central values.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Social Science Japan Journal is a new forum for original scholarly papers on modern Japan. It publishes papers that cover Japan in a comparative perspective and papers that focus on international issues that affect Japan. All social science disciplines (economics, law, political science, history, sociology, and anthropology) are represented. All papers are refereed. The journal includes a book review section with substantial reviews of books on Japanese society, written in both English and Japanese. The journal occasionally publishes reviews of the current state of social science research on Japanese society in different countries.
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