Workgroup Inclusion Is Key for Improving Job Satisfaction and Commitment among Human Service Employees of Color

ABSTRACT Workplace inclusion is recommended for improving human service employee job satisfaction and commitment; however, limited research explores how perceptions of inclusion may differ by employee race and ethnicity. This study investigated the relationships between employee perceptions of department and workgroup inclusion with employee job satisfaction and commitment, and whether these perceptions differed by employee race and ethnicity. Data was collected at three time points from a U.S. nonprofit health care organization. Multiple group structural equation modeling results indicated that workgroup inclusion served as a critical focal point for cultivating department inclusion, employee job satisfaction, and workgroup commitment for employees of color.