“战后德国移民史上最悲剧的一章”:20世纪50年代德国人在智利拉塞莱娜附近修建的移民和定居项目失败了

Tomas Villarroel
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摘要

本文介绍了50年代上半叶德国殖民者移民智利的失败计划。以前的学者已经探讨了这个农业项目的组织和发展。在这里,我们对战后动荡和欧洲流离失所问题影响这一时期德国和智利关系的方式进行了反思。以前没有人试图解释冷战对这个偏远地区的影响,但从德国和智利的观点来看,这是值得考虑的。然而,考虑到两国的国家利益,该项目最终以失败告终。尽管土壤不好,González Videla总统还是坚持这个项目,因为它涉及到声望。另一方面,为了这个目的而被选举出来的工人几乎没有准备好。语言上的问题,专业人员的不足,以及殖民者的行为,使得这个项目非常困难。很难不让人产生这样的印象,即德国政府有意摆脱一部分来自被认为难以融合的东欧地区的本国人口。侨民的返回是东欧、西欧和跨大西洋世界之间长期流动结束的一个重要例证,也是跨大西洋欧洲人向南美移民结束的一个重要例证。
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„Das tragischste Kapitel deutscher Wanderungsgeschichte der Nachkriegszeit“: Das Scheitern des deutschen Migrations- und Siedlungsprojekts bei La Serena, Chile, in den 1950er Jahren
The article presents a failed plan of emigration of German colonists to Chile during the first half of the 50’s. Previous scholarship has explored the organization and development of this agricultural project. Here we add reflection on the ways in which the post-war upheavals, and the problem of European displacements, affected the relation between Germany and Chile during this period. There has been no previous attempt to explain the impact of the cold war on this remote place, but it is worthy of consideration from both the German and Chilean point of view. The project broke down, though, in light of national interests of both states. Even though the soil was bad, President González Videla held fast to the project, given the prestige involved. On the other hand, the workers that had been elected for this purpose were hardly prepared. Problems with the language, inadequate professions, as well as the conduct of the colonists, made the project enormously difficult. It is hard to resist the impression that the German government intended to get rid of a part of its own population coming from the east-European area, which was considered hard to integrate. The return of the expatriates is a significant illustration of the end of long-term circulation between the eastern-European, the western-European, and the transatlantic world, and also of the end of transatlantic European migration to South America.
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