现代的海盗

IF 0.1 4区 历史学 Q3 HISTORY JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-11-24 DOI:10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0197
P. Lehr
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This blissful ignorance was swept away by the advent of Somali piracy between 2005 and 2008: suddenly, “real” pirates made headlines again, sparking a renewed interest in all things pirate, modern or not. It also resulted in a wave of publications focusing on modern pirates, trying to make sense out of why this age-old menace had returned with a vengeance. Even for specialists, this burgeoning literature, ranging from books aimed at the wider public and offering general overviews to very specialized research articles appealing to equally specialized audiences, it is difficult to keep track. This bibliography aims at referencing the leading works, in order to offer the reader a quick access to the vast repository of knowledge which is nowadays available. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

直到最近,海盗作为一种海上有组织犯罪的形式似乎还只是一种过去的现象——它只出现在大量的书籍、一些漫画中,当然还有银幕上。许多好莱坞大片都把海盗塑造成具有传奇色彩的、虚张声势的角色,例如道格拉斯·费尔班克斯(1926年的《黑海盗》)、埃罗尔·弗林(1935年的《血船长》)、尤尔·布林纳(1958年的《海盗》)或约翰尼·德普(2003年以后的《加勒比海盗》系列)。就连布偶也在1996年的《布偶金银岛》(Muppets Treasure Island)中对海盗进行了(喜剧)攻击。“真正的”海盗仍然存在,并且至少在世界上的一些地方对海员构成了可怕的威胁,这一点只有一小部分人知道,比如法律专家和一些学者,主要来自历史部门。这种幸福的无知被2005年至2008年间索马里海盗的出现一扫而光:突然之间,“真正的”海盗再次成为头条新闻,引发了人们对所有海盗的兴趣,无论现代与否。这也导致了一波关注现代海盗的出版物,试图弄清楚为什么这个古老的威胁会卷土重来。即使对专家来说,这种新兴的文学,从针对更广泛的公众的书籍,提供一般的概述,到非常专业的研究文章,吸引同样专业的读者,很难跟上。这个参考书目的目的是参考主要作品,以便为读者提供一个快速访问当今可用的巨大知识库的途径。它将从总体概述开始,然后转向当前海盗最危险的地区热点,即西非(几内亚湾),东非(亚丁湾和索马里盆地)和东南亚(马六甲海峡和新加坡加上南中国海)。此外,一些次要热点,如波斯湾/阿拉伯湾和孟加拉湾底部的孙德尔本斯也被提及,尽管关于这些海盗表现的文章不多。接下来是研究根本原因的作品(为什么现代人会成为海盗?),以及研究现代海盗的作案手法,特别是他们的武器和战术(现代海盗都做些什么?)最后,重点将从海盗转移到海上、陆地和法庭上的反海盗——后一部分还包括处理海盗的法律定义的出版物,如《联合国海洋法公约》(LoSC)中的定义。关于所提到的来源的性质,应当指出,为了接触到广泛的读者,不仅包括学术和学术出版物,而且还包括以一般公众为对象的更具新闻性质的出版物。此外,还非常小心地列入了容易取得的出版物- -也是为了广大读者的利益。
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Modern Piracy
Until rather recently, piracy as a form of seaborne organized crime seemed to be a phenomenon of the past—something that was relegated to a great number of books, some comics, and, of course, the silver screen: many Hollywood blockbusters revolve around pirates as larger-than-life swashbuckling characters, played for example by Douglas Fairbanks (The Black Pirate, 1926), Errol Flynn (Captain Blood, 1935), Yul Brynner (The Buccaneer, 1958), or Johnny Depp (Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, 2003 onward). Even the Muppets had a (comedy) go at pirates with Muppets Treasure Island (1996). That “real” pirates still exist and pose a formidable danger to seafarers at least in some parts of the world was known only to a small group of people outside the mariner community such as legal experts and some scholars, mainly from history departments. This blissful ignorance was swept away by the advent of Somali piracy between 2005 and 2008: suddenly, “real” pirates made headlines again, sparking a renewed interest in all things pirate, modern or not. It also resulted in a wave of publications focusing on modern pirates, trying to make sense out of why this age-old menace had returned with a vengeance. Even for specialists, this burgeoning literature, ranging from books aimed at the wider public and offering general overviews to very specialized research articles appealing to equally specialized audiences, it is difficult to keep track. This bibliography aims at referencing the leading works, in order to offer the reader a quick access to the vast repository of knowledge which is nowadays available. It will commence with general overviews, to then move to the most dangerous regional hot-spots of current piracy, which are West Africa (Gulf of Guinea), East Africa (Gulf of Aden and Somali Basin), and Southeast Asia (Straits of Malacca and Singapore plus South China Sea). Also, some secondary hot spots such as the Persian/Arabian Gulf and the Sundarbans at the bottom of the Bay of Bengal are referenced as well, although not much has been written about these manifestations of piracy. This is followed by works on root causes (why do people become pirates in modern times?), and works on modern pirates’ modus operandi, in particular their weapons and tactics (what do modern pirates do?). Finally, the focus will shift from piracy to counter-piracy at sea, on land, and at court—the latter part also including publications dealing with legal definitions of piracy such as included in the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LoSC). As regards the nature of the sources referenced, it should be noted that in order to reach out to a wide range of audiences, not only academic and scholarly publications are included, but also publications with a more journalistic approach that aim at the general public. Furthermore, great care was taken to include publications which are easily accessible—also for the benefit of a wider audience.
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