来自侧臂旁核的两条上行热感觉通路介导行为和自主热调节

Takaki Yahiro, N. Kataoka, Kazuhiro Nakamura
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引用次数: 1

摘要

恒温动物的体温调节行为是一种先天行为,以保护身体核心温度免受环境热挑战,并与自主的体温调节反应相协调。与了解自主体温调节的中心机制的进展相反,行为体温调节的机制仍然知之甚少。我们以前已经表明,外侧臂旁核(LPB)介导皮肤热感觉传入信号的体温调节。为了了解热感觉神经网络在行为体温调节中的作用,本研究研究了雄性大鼠LPB上行热感觉通路在躲避无害热和冷行为中的作用。神经元示迹显示两组LPB神经元分别投射到正中视前核(MnPO),一个温度调节中心(LPB→MnPO神经元)和投射到中央杏仁核(CeA),一个边缘情绪中心(LPB→CeA神经元)。LPB→MnPO神经元在大鼠热暴露和冷暴露下均有不同的激活亚组,而LPB→CeA神经元仅在冷暴露下激活。通过破伤风毒素轻链或化学遗传或光遗传技术选择性抑制LPB→MnPO或LPB→CeA神经元,我们发现LPB→MnPO传递介导热回避,而LPB→CeA传递介导冷回避。体内电生理实验表明,皮肤冷却诱导的棕色脂肪组织产热不仅需要LPB→MnPO神经元,还需要LPB→CeA神经元,这为自主体温调节的核心机制提供了新的见解。我们的研究结果揭示了中枢热感觉传入通路的重要框架,以协调行为和自主热调节,并产生驱动热调节行为的热舒适和不适情绪。在恒温动物中,行为和自主热调节的协调对于维持热稳态至关重要。然而,体温调节行为的核心机制仍然知之甚少。我们之前已经表明,外侧臂旁核(LPB)介导上行的热感觉信号,驱动热调节行为。在本研究中,我们发现从LPB到正中视前核的一条通路介导热回避,而从LPB到中央杏仁核的另一条通路则是冷回避所必需的。令人惊讶的是,这两种途径都是皮肤冷却引起的棕色脂肪组织产热所必需的,这是一种自主的体温调节反应。本研究提供了一个协调行为和自主体温调节的中央热感觉网络,并产生驱动体温调节行为的热舒适和不适。
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Two Ascending Thermosensory Pathways from the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus That Mediate Behavioral and Autonomous Thermoregulation
Thermoregulatory behavior in homeothermic animals is an innate behavior to defend body core temperature from environmental thermal challenges in coordination with autonomous thermoregulatory responses. In contrast to the progress in understanding the central mechanisms of autonomous thermoregulation, those of behavioral thermoregulation remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) mediates cutaneous thermosensory afferent signaling for thermoregulation. To understand the thermosensory neural network for behavioral thermoregulation, in the present study, we investigated the roles of ascending thermosensory pathways from the LPB in avoidance behavior from innocuous heat and cold in male rats. Neuronal tracing revealed two segregated groups of LPB neurons projecting to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), a thermoregulatory center (LPB→MnPO neurons), and those projecting to the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA), a limbic emotion center (LPB→CeA neurons). While LPB→MnPO neurons include separate subgroups activated by heat or cold exposure of rats, LPB→CeA neurons were only activated by cold exposure. By selectively inhibiting LPB→MnPO or LPB→CeA neurons using tetanus toxin light chain or chemogenetic or optogenetic techniques, we found that LPB→MnPO transmission mediates heat avoidance, whereas LPB→CeA transmission contributes to cold avoidance. In vivo electrophysiological experiments showed that skin cooling-evoked thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue requires not only LPB→MnPO neurons but also LPB→CeA neurons, providing a novel insight into the central mechanism of autonomous thermoregulation. Our findings reveal an important framework of central thermosensory afferent pathways to coordinate behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation and to generate the emotions of thermal comfort and discomfort that drive thermoregulatory behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Coordination of behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation is important for maintaining thermal homeostasis in homeothermic animals. However, the central mechanism of thermoregulatory behaviors remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) mediates ascending thermosensory signaling that drives thermoregulatory behavior. In this study, we found that one pathway from the LPB to the median preoptic nucleus mediates heat avoidance, whereas the other pathway from the LPB to the central amygdaloid nucleus is required for cold avoidance. Surprisingly, both pathways are required for skin cooling-evoked thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, an autonomous thermoregulatory response. This study provides a central thermosensory network that coordinates behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation and generates thermal comfort and discomfort that drive thermoregulatory behavior.
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