Emerging therapies for pancreatic ductal carcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a solid tumor mass that grows and metastasizes rapidly. There are no definitivemethods for early detection and most patients are diagnosed at a late stage. Those diagnosed at an early stage are eligible for tumorresection. However, many of these patients are soon burdened with tumor recurrence. The tumor grows back aggressively andwith resistance to the original chemotherapy. Gemcitabine has been the treatment of choice, but provides only minimal survivalprolongation. Researchers are trying to improve the current standard of care by finding different methods to improve treatmentefficacy and reduce side effects. This review emphasizes recent data on targeting the tumor using antifibrotic, nanotargeted, anddendritic cell therapies. Antifibrotic therapy aims to reduce tumor fibrosis, which prevents adequate chemotherapy penetration.Nanotargeted therapy offers precise targeting of cancer cells and chemotherapy delivery. Dendritic cell vaccines stimulate thebody’s immune system to target PDAC cells. These three treatment methods or a combination of them might improve the lifespanand quality of life for PDAC patients.