Influence of mechanical stimuli and zoledronic acid on the femoral morfology in rats with obesity and limited mobility models

The aim. Investigate the long-term effect of WBV and bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid) on the morphological structure and mineral density of the rat femora. Materials and methods. Rats were divided into control and three experimental groups: I - experimental group - high-calorie diet + limited mobility (HCD + LM), II - experimental group - HCD + LM + whole body vibration (WBV 3 m/s2). III - experimental group - HCD + LM + administration of zoledronic acid (HCD + LM + Zol. at a dose of 0.025 mg / kg). Bone mineral density determination, scanning electron microscopy of trabecular meshwork and immunohistological examination were performed. Results. The application of the model of a high-calorie diet with limited mobility leads to the loss of the mineral component of trabeculae up to 16.2%. The trabecular layer thinned to 13.9% compared to the control group, and the intertrabecular spaces expanded. Under the influence of whole-body vibration, there was an increase in BMD in the femora compared to the group HCD + LM, and bone density remained at the control level until the 16th week of the experiment. In group III, the rate of bone formation increased, the ratio of bone to trabecular volume was significantly higher compared to the group HCD + LM. Starting from the 8th week, it increased by 8.1% and 13% at the end of the experiment, respectively.Conclusions. A high-calorie diet with limited mobility reduces the mineral density of the trabeculae in the femoral bone. Zoledronic acid effectively improves mineralization but leads to impairment of the morphology of the bone growth plate. The research results indicate that WBV can be an effective non-pharmacological method of maintaining bone health in young people.