半干旱的肯尼亚缺氮:鸽豌豆能解决这个问题吗?

K. Kwena, G. Karuku, F. Ayuke, A. O. Esilaba
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引用次数: 5

摘要

很少有研究评估肯尼亚开发和发布的改良鸽豆品种对土壤肥力的改善和对边缘地区普遍存在的以谷物为基础的种植系统生产力的贡献。2009 - 2013年,通过大田和温室试验,评价了改良鸽豆品种对玉米氮素吸收、生物固氮、接种根瘤菌的反应及其对玉米产量的影响。在Katumani研究中心采用分块-分块设计进行田间试验,分别以3个鸽豆品种、2种种植制度和3种作物残茬制度为主、次、次样地。在Muguga研究中心进行了温室试验,筛选了5个鸽豌豆品种在装满10 kg土壤的塑料盆中接种根瘤菌的BNF和响应,并采用完全随机设计重复4次。利用GENSTAT统计软件对氮吸收、氮肥、玉米和鸽豆产量进行方差分析。鸽豆的氮素吸收量显著高于玉米(p≤0.05);Mbaazi (84 ~ 114 kg N ha−1)吸收氮量最大,其次是Kat 60/8 (29 ~ 44 kg N ha−1)和Mbaazi (20 ~ 37 kg N ha−1)。3个鸽豆品种均能固定60 ~ 70 kg N ha - 1,均为良好的固氮剂。间作玉米时,与KAT 60/8 (66 kg N ha - 1)和Mbaazi (62 kg N ha - 1)相比,Mbaazi可显著(p≤0.05)提高氮素(70 kg N ha - 1)。接种根瘤菌的结果好坏参半。Mbaazi -玉米间作玉米产量最高(1.9 t ha - 1),鸽豆产量最高(1.4 t ha - 1),玉米秸秆产量最高(2.1 t ha - 1),鸽豆秸秆产量最高(2.9 t ha - 1)。
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Nitrogen Deficiency in Semi-Arid Kenya: Can Pigeonpea fix it?
ABSTRACT Few studies have evaluated improved pigeonpea varieties developed and released in Kenya for soil fertility improvement and contribution to the productivity of cereal-based cropping systems prevalent in marginal areas. A study comprising field and greenhouse experiments was conducted between 2009 and 2013, in order to evaluate improved pigeonpea varieties for nitrogen (N) uptake, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), response to rhizobia inoculation and their effect on maize yields. Field experiments were conducted in Katumani Research Centre using a split-split plot design, with three pigeonpea varieties, two cropping systems and three crop residue regimes as the main plot, subplot, and sub-subplot, respectively. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Muguga Research Centre where five pigeonpea varieties were screened for BNF and response to rhizobia inoculation in plastic pots filled with 10 kg of soil and replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Data collected on nitrogen uptake, BNF and maize and pigeonpea yields was subjected to analysis of variance using GENSTAT statistical software. Pigeonpea had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher nitrogen uptake compared with maize; Mbaazi II (84–114 kg N ha−1) absorbed more N, followed by Kat 60/8 (29–44 kg N ha−1) and Mbaazi I (20–37 kg N ha−1). All the three pigeonpea varieties fixed 60–70 kg N ha−1, meaning they were all good nitrogen fixers. Mbaazi II fixed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher N (70 kg N ha−1) compared with KAT 60/8 (66 kg N ha−1) and Mbaazi I (62 kg N ha−1) when intercropped with maize. Inoculation with rhizobia gave mixed results. Mbaazi II-maize intercrop gave the highest maize (1.9 t ha−1) and pigeonpea (1.4 t ha−1) grain yields and produced sufficient maize stover (2.1 t ha−1) and pigeonpea stalks (2.9 t ha−1).
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