压力对体内微生物过程的影响

D.H. Bartlett
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引用次数: 429

摘要

10 - 100兆帕之间的压力对生物体的生长和生存能力有强大的影响。在这里,我描述了在这个范围内升高的压力对中温(适应大气压)和嗜压(适应高压)微生物的影响。研究压力对中温生物的影响,利用这一独特的物理参数来帮助描述基本的细胞过程,而在嗜压生物的情况下,它提供了生命适应高压环境的本质信息,高压环境构成了我们生物圈的大部分。本文介绍了抗压突变体的分离、高压对基因表达的调控、膜脂和蛋白在高压下决定生长能力的作用、高压对DNA复制和拓扑结构以及细胞分裂的影响,以及外部因素在高压下调节酶活性的作用。
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Pressure effects on in vivo microbial processes

Pressures between 10 and 100 MPa can exert powerful effects on the growth and viability of organisms. Here I describe the effects of elevated pressure in this range on mesophilic (atmospheric pressure adapted) and piezophilic (high-pressure adapted) microorganisms. Examination of pressure effects on mesophiles makes use of this unique physical parameter to aid in the characterization of fundamental cellular processes, while in the case of piezophiles it provides information on the essence of the adaptation of life to high-pressure environments, which comprise the bulk of our biosphere. Research is presented on the isolation of pressure-resistant mutants, high-pressure regulation of gene expression, the role of membrane lipids and proteins in determining growth ability at high pressure, pressure effects on DNA replication and topology as well as on cell division, and the role of extrinsic factors in modulating enzyme activity at high pressure.

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