嗜水气单胞菌S62A生物表面活性剂的表征及重金属修复潜力评价

B. Uba, Francisca Nneka Anidu
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摘要

研究了尼日利亚伊莫河水体和沉积物中分离的亲水气单胞菌S62A的重金属修复潜力及生物表面活性剂的特性。本研究采用平板扩散技术从受污染的水和沉积物样品中分离出12株细菌,并通过乳化指数、驱油量和表面张力测试对生物表面活性剂的生产进行初步筛选。在优化条件下,在改性无机盐培养基中进行二次生物表面活性剂的生产5天,并使用标准分析程序对所生产的生物表面活性剂进行了表征和重金属去除效率评价。结果表明,12株分离菌株中鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌S62A的乳化指数、排油量和表面张力试验的最高和最低值分别为66.66%、23.76 cm和90 mN/m。经气相色谱(GC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,纯化后的生物表面活性剂为糖磷脂,临界胶束浓度为5 mg/mL。各表面活性剂CMC处理方式对重金属的去除率与未处理对照比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),其中2 × CMC铅去除率最高(98.92%),对照组(水)最低(2.09%)。因此,本研究制备的糖磷脂生物表面活性剂具有独特的结构、化学特征和组成,可用于重金属污染生态系统的环境修复。
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Evaluation of the characterization and heavy metals remediation potential of biosurfactant produced by Aeromonas hydrophila S62A
The evaluation of the heavy metals remediation potential and characterization of biosurfactant produced by Aeromonas hydrophilia strain S62A isolated from water and sediment samples of Imo River, Nigeria was studied. In this study, 12 bacterial isolates were isolated from contaminated water and sediment samples using spread plate technique and primarily screened for biosurfactant production using emulsification index, oil displacement and surface tension tests. Secondary biosurfactant production was carried out in a modified mineral salt medium under optimized conditions for 5 days and the produced biosurfactant was characterized and evaluated for its heavy metals removal efficiencies using standard analytical procedures. The result showed that the bacterial strain identified as Aeromonas hydrophilia S62A out of the 12 isolate strains had the highest and lowest values of 66.66 %, 23.76 cm and 90 mN/m for emulsification index, oil displacement and surface tension tests, respectively. The purified biosurfactant was found to be glycophospholipid as confirmed by the gas chromatographic (GC) and Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopic (FTIR) profiles with 5 mg/mL critical micelles concentration (CMC). Statistically, significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected among the means of all surfactant CMC treatment in comparison to their untreated controls with 2 × CMC lead having the highest (98.92 %) and control (water) having the lowest (2.09 %) heavy metals removal efficiencies. Therefore, the present study has produced glycophospholipid biosurfactant with unique structural and chemical features and composition and could be exploited in environmental remediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems.
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