孕妇孕期高碘盐使用与碘营养知识的差异:一项横断面研究

S. Saggu, R. Prasad, A. Verma
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摘要

微量元素碘在整个生命过程中都是必不可少的,尤其是在胎儿大脑发育期间。维生素d的缺乏被认为是导致可预防的智力迟钝的最重要原因。碘缺乏症(IDD)表现在婴儿期和儿童期,主要受妊娠期低碘水平的影响。使用加碘盐是确保消除碘缺乏病的关键,对加碘盐的认识和认识至关重要。该研究旨在确定碘营养知识及其与生活在北方邦东部的孕妇对碘盐的认识和使用之间的关系。以医院为基础的横断面研究是通过随机抽样对印度北方邦Prayagraj地区妇女医院的200名孕妇进行的。使用预先测试的面试时间表来评估知识。分析得分和描述性统计,采用双变量分析来描述和确定变量之间的关联。受访者平均年龄25.23±3.75岁。大多数人口属于中下层(38%)和下层上层(36%)。近一半的人听说过营养物质“碘”,37%的人自我报告使用过碘盐,而每个品牌的使用率为81%。平均知识得分为1.53分。四分之三(74.5%)的受访者知识水平较低,四分之一(25.5%)的受访者知识水平较高。这些分数与社会经济地位、碘盐的使用(包括自我报告和品牌使用)以及碘作为必需营养素及其缺乏的意识显著相关(p<0.05)。研究表明,对加碘盐的了解、使用和实际消费之间存在显著差异,这可归因于成功的普遍食盐加碘;然而,这种差距突出了育龄妇女战略认识计划的必要性。
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Disparity between High Iodised Salt Usage and Knowledge of Iodine Nutrition in Pregnancy among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
The micronutrient Iodine is essential throughout life especially during fetal brain development. The deficiency of which is deemed the single most important cause of preventable mental retardation. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is manifested in infancy and childhood, which are primarily influenced by low iodine levels in pregnancy. Using iodised salt is a key to ensure elimination of IDD, for which the knowledge and awareness of iodised salt are of prime importance. The study was aimed to determine the knowledge of iodine nutrition and its association with awareness and usage of iodised salt among pregnant women living in eastern UP. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted through random sampling on 200 pregnant women at the regional women’s hospital, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to assess knowledge. Scores and descriptive statistics were analyzed, bivariate analyses were employed to describe and determine the association among variables. Mean age of respondents was 25.23 ±3.75. The majority of the population belonged to the lower middle (38%) and upper lower class (36%). Nearly half had heard of the nutrient ‘Iodine’ and 37% self-reported usage of iodised salt whereas usage as per brand was 81%. The mean knowledge score was 1.53. Three-fourths of the respondents (74.5%) had a low level of knowledge and a quarter of the respondents (25.5%) had a high level of knowledge. These scores were significantly associated with socioeconomic status, usage of iodised salt (both self-reported and brand used) and with an awareness of iodine as an essential nutrient and its deficiencies (p<0.05). The study shows a significant disparity between knowledge of iodised salt, its use and actual consumption, which can be attributed to successful Universal Salt Iodisation; however, the disparity highlights the need for strategic awareness schemes in women of reproductive age.
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