Study of the Level of Cystatin C in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity

Objectives : To investigate the level of cystatin C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity. Background : The risk of T2DM increases many folds in association with obesity. Cystatin C is an early marker for nephropathy, and it can predict neuropathy, retinopathy, and arterial sclerosis apart from renal function. Patients and methods : This was a cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 561 participants were divided into group A, which included 130 obese patients with no T2DM; group B, which included 155 T2DM with obesity; group C, which included 146 patients with T2DM with no obesity who attended Internal Medicine Department in Menou fi a University Hospital, and group D, which included 130 healthy persons as a control group during the period from November 2020 to December 2021. All participants were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and estimation of serum cystatin C using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fi brosis score and BMI were assessed for the patients. Results : Serum cystatin C level, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fi brosis score, and BMI were signi fi cantly increased among the diabetic obese group than other groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, the sensitivity of serum cystatin C to detect obesity among obese diabetics versus nonobese diabetics was 95.6% and speci fi city was 72% at a cutoff value of 760.7 ng/ ml and area under the curve 0.956 (P < 0.001). There was a signi fi cant positive correlation between serum cystatin C and BMI in addition to waist e hip circumference. Conclusion : Serum cystatin C was positively correlated with obesity. Therefore, it can be regarded as an early predictor of metabolic syndrome.