保护区管理者、地方当局和跨界保护:法国的经验

S. Jolivet
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文涉及法国在跨境自然保护方面的经验,并基于作者2016年出版的一本书的一些主要成果。跨界保护是当代国际野生动物法面临的主要挑战之一,因为尽管野生动物没有边界,但公法关注的是边界。在这方面,法国不一定是一个值得效仿的例子,但它的经验可能对一个具有以下特征的国家如何发展(或不发展)跨界保护具有指导意义:一个西欧国家;欧盟成员国;统一的国家;一个有八个陆地边界的国家(就法国而言)(与安道尔、比利时、德国、意大利、卢森堡、摩纳哥、西班牙和瑞士接壤)。在南美洲,法国的圭亚那省也与巴西和苏里南共享两条陆地边界。结果,大约有10个法国保护区已经与边境另一侧的外国保护区相邻。这篇文章将试图回答几个问题:为什么法国应该(或必须)进行跨界保护?为什么法国应该(如果不是必须的话)允许保护区管理者和地方当局进行跨界合作?如何克服保护区管理者和/或地方当局之间跨界合作的障碍?在基础设施层面进行跨界保护会面临哪些新挑战?
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Protected Areas Managers, Local Authorities, and Transboundary Conservation: The French Experience
This article deals with the French experience in transboundary nature conservation and is based on some of the main outcomes of a book the author published in 2016. Transboundary conservation is one of the main challenges of contemporary international wildlife law, because, although wildlife knows no boundaries, public law is focused on boundaries. France is not necessarily an example to be followed in this respect, but its experience may be instructive on how transboundary conservation could develop (or not) in a country with the following attributes: a Western European country; a member state of the European Union; a unitary state; and a country (as far as metropolitan France is concerned) with eight terrestrial boundaries (with Andorra, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain, and Switzerland). In South America, the French department of Guyana also shares two terrestrial boundaries with Brazil and Suriname. As a consequence, about ten French protected areas are already adjacent to a foreign protected area across the border. The article will try to answer several questions: Why should (or must) France carry out transboundary conservation? Why should (if not must) France allow protected areas managers and local authorities to cooperate beyond boundaries? How to overcome barriers to transboundary cooperation between protected areas managers and/or local authorities? What are the new challenges to be faced by transboundary conservation at an infrastate level?
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Drawing upon the findings from island biogeography studies, Norman Myers estimates that we are losing between 50-200 species per day, a rate 120,000 times greater than the background rate during prehistoric times. Worse still, the rate is accelerating rapidly. By the year 2000, we may have lost over one million species, counting back from three centuries ago when this trend began. By the middle of the next century, as many as one half of all species may face extinction. Moreover, our rapid destruction of critical ecosystems, such as tropical coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and rainforests may seriously impair species" regeneration, a process that has taken several million years after mass extinctions in the past.
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