从宪法的角度审视新冠肺炎大流行

Jurnal IUS Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI:10.29303/ius.v9i3.980
Ainuddin Ainuddin
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引用次数: 1

摘要

许多国家不确定决定使用哪些法律工具来克服新冠肺炎大流行造成的危机。一些国家选择根据宪法确立紧急状态,而另一些国家则使用有关灾害或健康危机的适用法律,实施新的立法,并发布另一项社区限制执行政策,即PPKM。紧急状态的规定使国家得以背离法治。因此,紧急状态的确定有可能被滥用。本研究的方法是运用成文法和概念方法进行规范法研究。这项研究的结果表明,印度尼西亚政府选择使用2018年第6号法律中的紧急卫生状态和2007年第24号法律中的非自然灾害紧急状态来应对Covid-19大流行,而不顾1945年宪法第12条规定的宪法紧急状态。紧急状态并不完全涉及作为其形成基础的1945年《宪法》第12条。因此,紧急一词不是紧急宪法法研究中所指的紧急状态(只是事实上而不是法律上的)。虽然有限制,但这肯定不适用于基本权利,特别是不可减损的权利团体。
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Covid-19 Pandemic Reviewed in Constitutional Law Perspective
Many countries are unsure to decide on legal instruments to use to overcome the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Some chose to establish a state of emergency based on the constitution, while others used the applicable law regarding disasters or health crises, implemented new legislation, and issued another community restriction enforcement policy namely PPKM. The stipulation of a state of emergency allows the state to deviate from the rule of law. Therefore, the determination of the emergency status is potentially be misused. The method of this research is normative legal research using statute and conceptual approaches. The result of this research experienced that the Indonesian government chose to use Health Emergency in Law 6 of 2018 and Non-Natural Disaster Emergency in Law 24 of 2007 to deal with the Covid-19 Pandemic regardless of Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution providing provisions for a constitutional emergency. The emergency status does not entirely involve Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution as the basis for its formation. Thus, the term emergency is not a state of emergency as referred to in the study of emergency constitutional law (only de facto not de jure). Although there are restrictions, this certainly does not apply to basic rights, especially to non-derogable rights groups.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
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0.00%
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审稿时长
16 weeks
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