电解液成分和过热对铝电池侧壁的影响

V. Stakhanov, A. Redkin, Y. Zaikov, A. Galashev
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文从理论上研究了电解液的化学成分及其过热对铝熔炼槽中侧边尺寸的影响。选择三种电解质组成:(1)冰晶石钠,冰晶石比CR = 2,7;(2)冰晶石CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2;(3)冰晶石CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2 + 5 wt.% Al2О3。电解液过热温度分别为5、10、15和20℃。采用有限元法进行了计算。采用了一种简化的铝电解槽设计和预焙阳极。温度场的计算采用了基于Boussinesq近似的数学模型,该模型包含了Navier-Stokes方程、导热系数方程和不可压缩性方程。确定了电解液过热在侧边形成中的关键作用。得到的侧边轮廓取决于材料的传热系数和热物理性质。在相同的电解质过热条件下,冰晶石组成3的侧边厚度最小,样品1和样品2形成的侧边轮廓几乎相同。过热5度形成的侧边厚度超过7cm,与电解液接触的侧边与侧块壁的温差为20-25度。研究发现,在电解液过热20度时,侧边几乎完全消失。
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INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION AND OVERHEATING ON THE SIDELEDGE IN THE ALUMINUM CELL
The paper presents a theoretical study conducted to investigate the effect that the chemical composition of electrolyte and its overheating have on the size of sideledge formed in an aluminum smelting bath. Three electrolyte compositions were chosen: (1) sodium cryolite with the cryolite ratio CR = 2,7; (2) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2; (3) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2 + 5 wt.% Al2О3. The electrolyte liquidus overheating temperatures were 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Calculations were performed using the finite element method. A simplified design of an aluminum cell was used with a prebaked anode. The temperature field was calculated using a mathematical model based on the Boussinesq approximation, which contains the Navier–Stokes equation as well as thermal conductivity and incompressibility equations. The key role of electrolyte overheating in sideledge formation was established. The resulting sideledge profile depends on the heat transfer coefficients and thermophysical properties of materials. The smallest sideledge thickness with the same electrolyte overheating was observed in cryolite composition 3, and the profiles of the formed sideledge for samples 1 and 2 were nearly the same. The thickness of the sideledge formed with a 5 degree overheating exceeded 7 cm and the difference in temperature between the sideledge in contact with electrolyte and the side block wall was 20–25 degrees. It was found that the virtually total disappearance of the sideledge occurs at electrolyte liquidus overheating by 20 degrees.
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