Identification of Micro-Organisms that Tolerant to Anti-Nutritional Factors in the Rumen of Camel

Fodder trees such as acacia are rich in antinutritional factors, mainly tannins, which constrain their utilization in animal feeding to fill the gap in feed resources. Rumen microbiota in the grazing and wild ruminant animals can detoxify plants’ secondary metabolites. Therefore, understanding the interaction between plant and rumen microorganisms could improve the fodder plants utilization and reveal antimicrobial-resistant microbial isolates. This study was conducted to get insight into the bacterial colonization and degradation of non-extracted and extracted Acacia saligna in the rumen of three fistulated camels. The findings showed that acacia has a high content of crude protein, fiber, and tannins. Tannins extraction affected the chemical composition and rumen degradation of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. Furthermore, rumen degradability was increased by prolonging incubation time from 6 to 72 h. The relative abundance of plant-attached bacteria in the camel rumen varied according to tannin extraction. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the main bacterial genera were Prevotella, RC9 gut group, Saccharofermentans, Butyrivibrio, Treponema that were affected by tannin extraction. Fibrobacteres showed sensitivity to tannins and some genera such as Alloprevotella, Selenomonas, Pyramidobacter showed resistance to plant tannins, which highlight the camel rumen as an untapped source of tannin-resistant bacteria.