{"title":"关于循环概率和非传递概率","authors":"P. Vuksanović, A. Hildebrand","doi":"10.2140/involve.2021.14.327","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by classical nontransitivity paradoxes, we call an $n$-tuple $(x_1,\\dots,x_n) \\in[0,1]^n$ \\textit{cyclic} if there exist independent random variables $U_1,\\dots, U_n$ with $P(U_i=U_j)=0$ for $i\\not=j$ such that $P(U_{i+1}>U_i)=x_i$ for $i=1,\\dots,n-1$ and $P(U_1>U_n)=x_n$. We call the tuple $(x_1,\\dots,x_n)$ \\textit{nontransitive} if it is cyclic and in addition satisfies $x_i>1/2$ for all $i$. \nLet $p_n$ (resp.~$p_n^*$) denote the probability that a randomly chosen $n$-tuple $(x_1,\\dots,x_n)\\in[0,1]^n$ is cyclic (resp.~nontransitive). We determine $p_3$ and $p_3^*$ exactly, while for $n\\ge4$ we give upper and lower bounds for $p_n$ that show that $p_n$ converges to $1$ as $n\\to\\infty$. We also determine the distribution of the smallest, middle, and largest elements in a cyclic triple.","PeriodicalId":8470,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Probability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"On cyclic and nontransitive probabilities\",\"authors\":\"P. Vuksanović, A. Hildebrand\",\"doi\":\"10.2140/involve.2021.14.327\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Motivated by classical nontransitivity paradoxes, we call an $n$-tuple $(x_1,\\\\dots,x_n) \\\\in[0,1]^n$ \\\\textit{cyclic} if there exist independent random variables $U_1,\\\\dots, U_n$ with $P(U_i=U_j)=0$ for $i\\\\not=j$ such that $P(U_{i+1}>U_i)=x_i$ for $i=1,\\\\dots,n-1$ and $P(U_1>U_n)=x_n$. We call the tuple $(x_1,\\\\dots,x_n)$ \\\\textit{nontransitive} if it is cyclic and in addition satisfies $x_i>1/2$ for all $i$. \\nLet $p_n$ (resp.~$p_n^*$) denote the probability that a randomly chosen $n$-tuple $(x_1,\\\\dots,x_n)\\\\in[0,1]^n$ is cyclic (resp.~nontransitive). We determine $p_3$ and $p_3^*$ exactly, while for $n\\\\ge4$ we give upper and lower bounds for $p_n$ that show that $p_n$ converges to $1$ as $n\\\\to\\\\infty$. We also determine the distribution of the smallest, middle, and largest elements in a cyclic triple.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8470,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"arXiv: Probability\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-12-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"arXiv: Probability\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2140/involve.2021.14.327\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"arXiv: Probability","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2140/involve.2021.14.327","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivated by classical nontransitivity paradoxes, we call an $n$-tuple $(x_1,\dots,x_n) \in[0,1]^n$ \textit{cyclic} if there exist independent random variables $U_1,\dots, U_n$ with $P(U_i=U_j)=0$ for $i\not=j$ such that $P(U_{i+1}>U_i)=x_i$ for $i=1,\dots,n-1$ and $P(U_1>U_n)=x_n$. We call the tuple $(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ \textit{nontransitive} if it is cyclic and in addition satisfies $x_i>1/2$ for all $i$.
Let $p_n$ (resp.~$p_n^*$) denote the probability that a randomly chosen $n$-tuple $(x_1,\dots,x_n)\in[0,1]^n$ is cyclic (resp.~nontransitive). We determine $p_3$ and $p_3^*$ exactly, while for $n\ge4$ we give upper and lower bounds for $p_n$ that show that $p_n$ converges to $1$ as $n\to\infty$. We also determine the distribution of the smallest, middle, and largest elements in a cyclic triple.