Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ metabolism biomarkers in malignant gliomas

Gliomas are highly metabolically active tumors. Cancer metabolism is currently of great interest to researchers. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is central in cell metabolism. NAD+ plays a crucial role in a wide spectrum of metabolic processes in the cancer metabolism, boosting and feeding enzymes as a cofactor, and is an important driver in metabolic reprograming. NAD+ biology goes through the most essential pathways helping to derive energy in multiple ways, depicting one the most important metabolites to maintain cellular homeostasis. Understanding its implication in glioma's biology is of interest for targeted therapies in all pathways, in which NAD+ largely promotes cancer initiation, progression, dissemination, and eventual cellular reprogramation. Here, the essential points of NAD+ biology, its contribution on cellular reprograming, and its therapeutical approaches on glioma treatment are summarized.