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引用次数: 0

摘要

据推断,自然管理的经济机制没有足够的方法、工具和杠杆,从而有机会提高对自然资源潜力的经济管理的复杂性,并加强自然管理领域对社会经济呈现率的影响的有效性。合理地说,为了形成现代自然管理经济机制,有必要创造制度土壤,设想在规范性的自然保护架构中安装新的制度-能够在市场周转中提供更有效的天然原材料和生态系统服务的规则。自然管理经济机制的工具性方法提供必须包括广泛的方法、工具和杠杆,这些方法、工具和杠杆将有机会对与自然原材料的物质实体和自然综合体的原始非物质用途的使用除外的最大限度的业务提供预算、税收和财政信贷影响。研究表明,在现代经济机制中,自然管理必须包含广泛的财政、经济和行政经济方法。财务经济方法包括:评估、核算、规划、计划、预测、税收、预算融资、投资、保险、信贷。行政经济手段包括:许可、审查、认证、管制、标准化、监测、地籍、限制和制定规范。自然管理的现代经济机制必须包括预算、税收、海关、信贷、质押、基金、投资、保险等工具,以及以实现公私合作协议为基础的工具。合理地说,在自然管理的经济机制结构中,可以区分出两种类型的杠杆:财政经济刺激(税收减免、优惠信贷、关税减免、价格折扣/提高、交叉补贴、日期)和财政经济批准(罚款、赔偿、赔偿、财政限制和预算限制)。
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Economic mechanism of the nature management: institutional soil and instrumental methodological providing
It is deduced that the economic mechanism of nature management operates the insufficient set of methods, instruments and levers that give an opportunity to promote the complexity of the economic mastering of nature resource potential and strengthen the effectiveness of influence of the sphere of nature management on the rates of socio-economic presentation. Reasonably, that for the forming of modern economic mechanisms of nature management there is the necessity of the creation of institutional soil that will envisage installation in regulatory nature protection architectonics of new institutes-rules able to provide more effective bringing in of natural raw material and ecosystem services in market turnover. It is set that the instrumental methodological providing of economic mechanism of nature management must embrace the wide spectrum of methods, instruments and levers that will give an opportunity to provide budgetary-tax and financial credit influence on the maximum amount of the operations related to the exception of material substance of natural raw material and the usage of raw immaterial usefulness of nature complexes. Researches showed that in a modern economic mechanism nature management must present a wide spectrum of financially economic and administrative-economic methods. Financially economic methods embrace: evaluation, account, programming, planning, prognostication, taxation, budgetary financing, investing, insurance, crediting. To the list of administrative economic methods belong: licensing, examination, certification, regulation, standardization, monitoring, cadaster, limiting, and setting of norms. It is set that the modern economic mechanism of nature management must embrace budgetary, tax, custom, credit, hypothec-mortgage, fund, investment, insurance instruments, and also instruments that are based on realization of agreements of publicly-private partnership. Reasonably, that in the structure of economic mechanism of nature management two types of levers are distinguished: financially economic stimuli (tax deduction, favorable credits, reliefs from duty, price discounts/raise, cross subsidizing, dating) and financially economic approvals (fines, compensations, indemnifications, financial limitations, and budgetary limits).
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