冰象牙到白金:非法象牙贸易与文物贸易之间的联系

C. Cox, Luke Hauser
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着《2018年象牙法案》的出台,英国站在了大象保护的最前沿,希望政府在《25年环境计划》中做出的承诺能够增加对其他因非法野生动物贸易而面临风险的物种的保护。然而,有一种物种目前不在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的监管范围之内,它与象牙贸易直接相关:猛犸象。长毛猛犸象早在一万多年前就灭绝了,但猛犸象属自从5世纪前在非洲出现以来,是最成功的巨型动物群之一,从西伯利亚到克里特岛的整个北半球都有10个物种。随着全球变暖和永久冻土融化,猛犸象象牙在北半球被发现,特别是在西伯利亚的萨哈共和国(雅库特)。大象和猛犸象的象牙非常相似,这让环保人士担心,“冰象牙”的增加预示着大象和我们对“长毛”猛犸象及其世界的更广泛了解面临新的威胁。
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Ice Ivory to White Gold: Links Between the Illegal Ivory Trade and the Trade in Geocultural Artifacts
Abstract The United Kingdom, with the introduction of the Ivory Act 2018, is at the forefront of elephant protection, and it is hoped that governmental commitments, made in the 25 Year Environment Plan, will see increased protection for other species at risk due to the illegal wildlife trade. However, one species that currently falls outside of the regulation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) can be directly linked to the ivory trade: the mammoth. The woolly mammoth became extinct more than 10,000 years ago, but the genus Mammuthus, since its appearance in Africa c.5 ma, was one of the most successful megafaunal groups, radiating into 10 species and found across the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Crete. As the world warms and the permafrost melts, mammoth tusks are being uncovered across the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Siberia’s Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). There are close similarities between the tusks of elephants and mammoths, leading conservationists to fear that the increase in “ice ivory” heralds a new threat to elephants and our wider understanding of the “woolly” mammoth and its world.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Drawing upon the findings from island biogeography studies, Norman Myers estimates that we are losing between 50-200 species per day, a rate 120,000 times greater than the background rate during prehistoric times. Worse still, the rate is accelerating rapidly. By the year 2000, we may have lost over one million species, counting back from three centuries ago when this trend began. By the middle of the next century, as many as one half of all species may face extinction. Moreover, our rapid destruction of critical ecosystems, such as tropical coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and rainforests may seriously impair species" regeneration, a process that has taken several million years after mass extinctions in the past.
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