光伏系统中的安全问题:安全故障检测和预防火灾风险的设计选择

M.C. Falvo, S. Capparella
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引用次数: 78

摘要

在过去十年中,光伏系统在电力行业的发展中发挥了关键作用。在安全设计方面,重要的是要考虑到光伏电站构成了一个特殊的发电系统,其中直流(DC)的存在导致技术规则的变化。此外,如果发生某些电气故障,该工厂是一个可能的火源。发电机及其保护装置的接地选择是评估火灾风险设计的基础。本文的主题是分析光伏系统中的电气现象与火灾风险之间的关系,以确保电气保护系统进行适当的故障检测。对并网光伏系统的描述首先是国际标准提供的设计方案的比较,其次是对可能引发火灾的电气现象的分析。然后,对两个现有的光伏系统进行了研究,其中电气故障导致了火灾。该研究强调了在光伏系统设计阶段检查所有可能的故障模式以提前评估火灾风险的重要性。最后提供了一些减少可能导致火灾的电气故障的指导方针。
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Safety issues in PV systems: Design choices for a secure fault detection and for preventing fire risk

Photovoltaic systems have played a key role over the last decade in the evolution of the electricity sector. In terms of safety design, it’s important to consider that a PV plant constitutes a special system of generation, where the Direct Current (DC) presence results in changes to the technical rules. Moreover, if certain electrical faults occur, the plant is a possible source of fire. Choices regarding the grounding of the generator and its protection devices are fundamental for a design that evaluates fire risk. The subject of the article is the analysis of the relation between electrical phenomena in PV systems and the fire risk related to ensuring appropriate fault detection by the electrical protection system. A description of a grid-connected PV system is followed firstly by a comparison of the design solutions provided by International Standards, and secondly by an analysis of electrical phenomena which may trigger a fire. A study of two existing PV systems, where electrical faults have resulted in fires, is then presented. The study highlights the importance of checking all possible failure modes in a PV system design phase, to assess fire risk in advance. Some guidelines for the mitigation of electrical faults that may result in a fire are finally provided.

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