Antennas in the Internet of Vehicles: Application for X Band and Ku Band in Low-Earth-Orbiting Satellites

This paper proposes a simple and small-dimensioned antenna that can provide X band and Ku band for the low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellite system in an Internet of vehicles system. The antenna is designed on the substrate Arlon DiClad 880. The antenna structure consists of an inverted triangle geometry and an inverted U-shaped slot. The dimensions of the antenna are 12.5 × 5 mm2, and the area of the substrate is 30 × 13 × 0.254 mm3. The antenna is easy to make, and the manufacturing cost is low. The measurement results of the reflection coefficient (lower than −10 dB) of the antenna show that the working frequency band can cover the X-band (10.87–12.76 GHz) and the Ku band (15.19–16.02 GHz). The measured and simulated results are fairly similar. The efficiency of the antenna in the X-band is about 50–80.8%. The efficiency of the antenna in the Ku-band is about 50–74%. The gains of the antennas are about 3.34–6.08 dBi and 3.50–4.65 dBi in the X-band and Ku band, respectively, and the highest gain is 6.08 dBi. The antenna design can realize the features of low cost and small dimensions in autonomous vehicles and vehicle networking communication system equipment and achieve good wireless transmission capabilities from vehicles to the base station in the IOV.