Andromachi Tzani, Ioanna Pitterou, Foteini Divani, T. Tsiaka, G. Sotiroudis, P. Zoumpoulakis, A. Detsi
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The screening study of the prepared solvents indicated the NADES L-proline/D,L-Lactic acid as the most effective medium for the raw propolis extraction due to the extract’s high total phenolic content as well as its’ significantly higher antioxidant activity. Then, the extraction using the selected NADES, was optimized by performing Experimental Design to study the effect of extraction time, propolis-to-solvent ratio and the %NADES content in the NADES-water system. All the extracts were characterized regarding their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The optimum NADES-extract as well as an extract derived by extraction using a conventional hydroethanolic solution were further characterized by performing LC/MS/MS analysis. The results showed that the NADES-extracts composition was similar or superior to the hydroethanolic extracts regarding the presence of valuable phytochemicals such as apigenin, naringenin etc. A disadvantage that is usually mentioned in the literature regarding the extractions using NADES is that the extracted bioactive compounds cannot be easily separated from the NADES in order to obtain dry extracts. However, this drawback can be converted to an asset as the task-specifically designed NADES that are used in this study add value to the end product and the optimum as-obtained NADES-extract has been successfully incorporated in a cosmetic cream formulation. 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引用次数: 6
摘要
在这项工作中,提出了一种更环保的提取希腊蜂胶的方法,即超声波辅助提取法与天然深共晶溶剂(NADES)相结合。蜂胶是一种最受关注的天然材料,因为它具有多种生物和药理活性,因此被用于制造对各种领域有用的提取物,如制药、化妆品等。本文特别选择了五种NADES作为合适的提取溶剂,因为与传统使用的有机溶剂相比,它们为最终的NADES提取物提供了重要的资产。制备的溶剂筛选研究表明,NADES l -脯氨酸/D, l -乳酸是最有效的原料蜂胶提取培养基,因为其提取物总酚含量高,抗氧化活性显著提高。然后,通过实验设计对所选NADES的提取工艺进行优化,研究提取时间、蜂胶与溶剂比以及NADES-水体系中%NADES含量的影响。对各提取物的抗氧化活性和总酚含量进行了表征。通过LC/MS/MS分析进一步表征了最佳nades提取液和常规氢乙醇提取液提取的提取物。结果表明,在芹菜素、柚皮素等有价值的植物化学物质的含量方面,nades提取物与氢乙醇提取物相似或优于氢乙醇提取物。文献中经常提到的使用NADES提取的缺点是,提取的生物活性化合物不容易从NADES中分离出来,以获得干燥的提取物。然而,这个缺点可以转化为一项资产,因为本研究中使用的专门设计的NADES增加了最终产品的价值,并且获得的最佳NADES提取物已成功地加入到化妆品霜配方中。本研究还测定了乳膏配方的抗氧化活性和感官特性。
Green Extraction of Greek Propolis Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) and Incorporation of the NADES-Extracts in Cosmetic Formulation
In this work, a greener approach for the extraction of Greek propolis using ultrasound-assisted extraction method in combination with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) is presented. Propolis is a natural material of outmost interest as it possesses various biological and pharmacological activities and is therefore used for the manufacturing of extracts useful to various fields, such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics etc. Herein, five NADES were task-specifically selected as appropriate extraction solvents since they provide important assets to the final NADES-extracts, comparing to the conventionally used organic solvents. The screening study of the prepared solvents indicated the NADES L-proline/D,L-Lactic acid as the most effective medium for the raw propolis extraction due to the extract’s high total phenolic content as well as its’ significantly higher antioxidant activity. Then, the extraction using the selected NADES, was optimized by performing Experimental Design to study the effect of extraction time, propolis-to-solvent ratio and the %NADES content in the NADES-water system. All the extracts were characterized regarding their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The optimum NADES-extract as well as an extract derived by extraction using a conventional hydroethanolic solution were further characterized by performing LC/MS/MS analysis. The results showed that the NADES-extracts composition was similar or superior to the hydroethanolic extracts regarding the presence of valuable phytochemicals such as apigenin, naringenin etc. A disadvantage that is usually mentioned in the literature regarding the extractions using NADES is that the extracted bioactive compounds cannot be easily separated from the NADES in order to obtain dry extracts. However, this drawback can be converted to an asset as the task-specifically designed NADES that are used in this study add value to the end product and the optimum as-obtained NADES-extract has been successfully incorporated in a cosmetic cream formulation. In this work, The antioxidant activity and organoleptic characteristics of the cream formulation were also determined.