Personal and Professional Perspectives on the Protective Role of Animals for Transgender Youth: A Qualitative Analysis

Youth who identify as transgender, gender non-conforming, or non-binary (TGNC) are at increased risk for mental health challenges including anxiety, depression, and suicidality; and social challenges including bullying, isolation, and lack of familial support. Best practices in promoting the social and emotional health of TGNC youth are continually evolving, and Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) presents a compelling yet untested approach to meeting mental health needs of this population; a group AAT intervention might help TGNC youth who feel isolated to feel more connected and supported. This exploratory study sought to identify thematic content to be included in a future AAT group intervention geared towards TGNC youth, considering both the potential role of human-animal interactions and the identified needs of this population. Three focus groups were convened; one comprised of TGNC adults (N = 8), one of mental health clinicians with advanced training related to transgender mental health (N = 4), and one of certified Animal Assisted Play Therapists® (N = 5). The content of each group was coded thematically using modified grounded theory, and several subthemes emerged under broader themes of 1) the importance of animals in providing emotional support in general and 2) desired social supports that might be beneficial for TGNC youth. These themes inform discussion of possible next steps in the development of an AAT group for TGNC youth.