Build up a Constructivist Learning Environment for Teaching First-year Students Data Flow Diagrams

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents a constructivist learning environment for teaching first-year students Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) using a question-based learning method. System Analysis and Design is one of the core courses in engineering and computing education. However, it is difficult for the first-year students to learn DFDs without a real or simulated project development, specifically for those who have no programming or database development background. Our approach consists of three key components: 1) using a professional visual Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool for students to focus on model semantics rather than its syntax; 2) introducing the DFD Level1 diagram first for students to effectively understand a hierarchical relationship between different levels; and 3) using tables and a well-designed process as scaffolding for students to draw DFDs step-by-step under detailed guidance. This approach had been evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the evaluation of a survey, an interview, and recent five-year exam results analysis, the findings reveal that our approach has substantial benefits to students of different abilities. Specifically, students are not disadvantaged regarding to having or not having a programming or database development background within our new learning environment.