Anthropometry and Agricultural Hand Tool Design for Javanese and Madurese Farmers in East Java, Indonesia

This study revealed that anthropometric measurements of Javanese farmers are mostly higher than that of Madurese farmers. The minimum, mean, and the maximum stature values are 146.3, 159.0, 174.6 cm for Javanese male farmers and 143.0, 156.3, 173.8 cm for Madurese male farmers, respectively. The minimum, mean, and the maximum stature of Javanese and Madures female farmers are 137.7, 152.5, 167.3 cm and 137.4, 150.1, 167.7 cm, respectively. The mean of Relative Sitting Height (RSH) of Javanese and Madurese, male is 0.49, 0.49, respectively, whereas the mean of RSH of Javanese and Madurese female is 0.52, 0.51, respectively. The mean values of body surface area (BSA) of Javanese, Madurese, male are 1.57, 1.54, and for female are 1.47, 1.44 m², respectively. Whereas, the body mass index (BMI) is 22.4, 22.88 for male and 22.38, 22.75 kg/m² for female Javanese and Madurese farmers, respectively. By using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation, the first rank preference of farmers is safety for hand tools, and then followed by good fit in hand, easy to use, reliable and to no inflamed skin in the last. For agricultural hand tools, farmers prefer utilitarian performance than hedonic performance.