乌克兰南部家兔(Oryctolagus cuculus domesticus)的内寄生虫

IF 0.8 Q2 Environmental Science Biosystems Diversity Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI:10.15421/012218
M. Bogach, A. Paliy, O. Horobei, L. Perotska, V. Kushnir, D. M. Bohach
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引用次数: 2

摘要

现阶段生态寄生虫学的主要任务之一是通过彻底的流行病学检查,确定动物侵袭性疾病在环境中的传播模式,并确定乌克兰寄生虫传播的主要方向和因素。在许多病原体中,内寄生虫在兔的许多疾病中起主要作用,其发病率和死亡率都有所增加。在野兔和家兔体内,形成寄生虫病的几种寄生虫可以被定位。后者对器官和组织有致病作用,导致体重增加减少、过早屠宰甚至死亡。研究了60日龄断奶家兔、120日龄育肥家兔、180日龄配种家兔和320日龄成年家兔的内寄生虫病流行情况,以确定显性入侵的广泛程度和强度。研究对象为720头,每个年龄组180头。家兔中记录到3种线虫:改形毛线虫(Zeder, 1800)、细线虫(Ransom, 1907)和双线线虫(Rudolphi, 1819);鱼形带绦虫(Bloch, 1780);三种艾美耳虫:寄生在肝脏和胆囊胆管中的艾美耳虫(Lindermann, 1865),寄生在肠上皮细胞中的大艾美耳虫(Perard, 1925)和媒介艾美耳虫(Kessel, 1929)。虫害的流行程度取决于动物的年龄。根据所获得的资料,艾默里病是家兔主要的寄生虫病之一。在60日龄家兔肠道中发现艾美耳球虫的显性入侵,其广发性达到19.4%,而肝脏艾美耳球虫的传播率为13.3%。断奶家兔、育肥家兔、交配龄家兔和成年家兔的蠕虫感染率分别为22.2%、26.7%、20.0%和20.6%。全球气候变化将改变土壤传播蠕虫的分布和动态,但宿主免疫也可能影响宿主与寄生虫的相互作用。后续的研究将旨在阐明单一和混合入侵对家兔身体的影响。关于蠕虫病的最新数据将扩大筛查战略,以保持兔子健康并减少经济损失。
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Endoparasites of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) in Southern Ukraine
One of the main tasks of ecological parasitology at the present stage is to establish patterns of spread of invasive diseases of animals in the environment through a thorough epidemiological examination, as well as to determine the main directions and factors of spread of parasites in Ukraine. Among the many pathogens, endoparasites play a major role in a number of diseases in rabbits with increased morbidity and mortality. In the body of both wild and domestic rabbits several species of parasites that form a parasitocenosis can be localized. The latter have a pathogenic effect on organs and tissues, leading to reduced weight gain, premature slaughter and even mortality. The prevalence of endoparasitoses was studied in weaned rabbits 60 days of age, 120 days of age at fattening, 180 days of age – mating age and adults of 320 days of age to determine the extensiveness and intensity of the dominant invasion. A total of 720 head was studied, 180 animals from each age group. Three species of nematodes were recorded in the rabbits: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800), Nematodirus leporis (Ransom, 1907) and Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819); the cestode Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780); three species of Emeria: Eimeria stiedae (Lindermann, 1865), which parasitizes in the bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder, E. magna (Perard, 1925) and E. media (Kessel, 1929) – in the epithelial cells of the intestine. The prevalence of the infestation depends on the age of the animals. According to the data obtained, eimeriosis was one of the main parasitic diseases of the rabbits. Dominant invasions of Eimeria in the intestines of 60-day-old rabbits were found in the studied animals, their extensiveness reached 19.4%, while the spread of hepatic Eimeria was registered in 13.3% of the examined rabbits. The total infestation of weaned rabbits with helminths was 22.2%, in rabbits for fattening – 26.7%, and in rabbits of mating age and adults – 20.0% and 20.6%, respectively. Global climate change will change the distribution and dynamics of soil-borne helminthiases, but host immunity may also affect host-parasite interactions. Subsequent studies will be aimed at elucidating the effect of mono and mixed invasions on the body of rabbits. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain rabbit health and reduce economic losses.
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