人工智能的全球治理:一些规范性问题

Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI:10.1515/mopp-2020-0046
Eva Erman, Markus Furendal
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引用次数: 11

摘要

日益复杂的人工智能(AI)系统的创建引发了关于其对社会的伦理和社会影响的紧迫问题。由于这种影响最终取决于有关规范性问题的政治决策,政治哲学家可以通过解决这些问题做出有价值的贡献。目前,人工智能的发展和应用在很大程度上是通过跨国实体制定的不具约束力的道德准则来规范的。假设人工智能的全球治理应该至少是最低限度的民主和公平,本文列出了一个账户在理论化这意味着什么时应该满足的三个愿望。我们认为,首先,对民主价值、政治实体和决策的分析应该以整体的方式进行;其次,公平不仅是关于人工智能系统如何对待个人,还包括如何分配变革人工智能的利益和负担;最后,正义要求治理机制不局限于人工智能技术,而是纳入一系列基本机构。因此,我们的贡献是元理论的,而不是提供民主和公平的人工智能治理的实质性理论:我们提出了一个理论框架,为令人满意的解释建立了某些规范的边界条件。
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The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Some Normative Concerns
Abstract The creation of increasingly complex artificial intelligence (AI) systems raises urgent questions about their ethical and social impact on society. Since this impact ultimately depends on political decisions about normative issues, political philosophers can make valuable contributions by addressing such questions. Currently, AI development and application are to a large extent regulated through non-binding ethics guidelines penned by transnational entities. Assuming that the global governance of AI should be at least minimally democratic and fair, this paper sets out three desiderata that an account should satisfy when theorizing about what this means. We argue, first, that an analysis of democratic values, political entities and decision-making should be done in a holistic way; second, that fairness is not only about how AI systems treat individuals, but also about how the benefits and burdens of transformative AI are distributed; and finally, that justice requires that governance mechanisms are not limited to AI technology, but are incorporated into a range of basic institutions. Thus, rather than offering a substantive theory of democratic and fair AI governance, our contribution is metatheoretical: we propose a theoretical framework that sets up certain normative boundary conditions for a satisfactory account.
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