水稻种子愈伤组织生长与植株再生的双列分析

T. Abe, Y. Futsuhara
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引用次数: 34

摘要

以粳稻品种为材料,通过6 × 6双列杂交,研究了水稻种子愈伤组织生长和植株再生的遗传特性。Hayman方法估计的遗传参数显示,两组基因参与了愈伤组织的生长,具有较高的加性效应,为不完全显性。另一方面,显性效应和加性效应在植株再生中都很重要,在植株再生中存在上位性效应,而在5 × 5亚双列分析中,两组基因存在非上位性关系和参与。利用Vr和Wr对愈伤组织生长进行图形分析表明,Norin 1、Somewake和Daikoku 1具有抑制愈伤组织生长的显性基因,而愈伤组织生长较旺盛的Kuju、Sasanishiki和Murasaki-ine具有隐性基因。Kuju和Somewake在F2代愈伤组织生长频率分布上表现出分离,符合单因素控制的预期比例(3:1)。另一方面,在5 × 5亚双列植株再生的Vr和Wr关系中,植株再生能力较高的大国1号拥有较多的显性基因,而再生能力较低的Norin 1和Kuju则拥有较多的隐性基因。Norin 1与Somewake的互交F1s表现出较好的植株再生能力(互交平均为62%)。讨论了植物再生的遗传改良策略。
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Diallel analysis of callus growth and plant regeneration in rice seed-callus
Genetic characteristics of callus growth and plant regeneration in rice with seed-derived calli were studied in 6 × 6 diallel crosses using Japonica cultivars. Genetic parameters estimated by Hayman's method showed the high additive gene effects and involvement of two groups of genes for callus growth, which were identified as incomplete dominance. On the other hand, both dominance and additive effects were important for plant regeneration, and further epistatic effects were observed in this character, while the analysis of 5 × 5 subdiallel for plant regeneration showed non-epistatic relation and involvement of 2 groups of genes. Graphical analysis using Vr and Wr for the callus growth showed that Norin 1, Somewake and Daikoku 1 possessed dominant genes which suppress callus growth, while Kuju, Sasanishiki and Murasaki-ine whose callus growth was more vigorous had recessive genes. The frequency distribution of callus growth in F2 generation between Kuju and Somewake showed a segregation which agreed with the expected ratio for a single factor control (3:1). On the other hand, relationship between Vr and Wr in the 5 × 5 subdiallel for plant regeneration showed that Daikoku 1, which had a relatively high capacity for plant regeneration, possessed more dominant genes, while Norin 1 and Kuju, which had lower capacities, possessed recessive genes. The reciprocal F1s between Norin 1 and Somewake showed excellent capacities for plant regeneration (average of reciprocal crosses: 62%). Strategies for genetical improvement of plant regeneration are discussed.
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