人类活动影响下印度北部饮用和灌溉用水水质和水文地球化学过程的计算

Salman Ahmed, M. Mulhim, Fazil Qureshi, N. Akhtar, S. Lagudu
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本研究是在一个工业区附近进行的,那里有高密度的城市人口和大规模的农业活动。这些人为活动导致地下水污染和地下水位枯竭。本研究试图对污染源和水化学相进行分类,以确保农业用水和饮用水的适宜性。采用灌溉适宜性指数、水质指数(WQI)、主成分分析(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)对2018年5月26份地下水样品进行了主要阳离子和阴离子浓度分析。结果表明,地下水化学机制受蒸发过程控制,以Ca-Mg-HCO3、Na-K-Cl-SO4、Ca-Mg-Cl和Na-K-HCO3水化学相为主。阳离子的平均优势浓度为Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+,阴离子的平均优势浓度为HCO3−> SO4−> Cl−> NO3−> CO32−> F−。灌溉适宜性指标表明,研究区地下水由于工业活动的影响,含盐量高,碱危害低至中等。PCA和HCA还认识到,大多数变化是由人为过程引起的,主要是由于人口过多、工业排放和农业活动。此外,研究区域的水质指数表明,15%的样本不适合,69%的样本不合格,剩下的16%只适合饮用。本文有助于了解地下水灌溉和饮用的适宜性和水化学过程,从而有助于决策者进行供水规划和管理。
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Reckoning Groundwater Quality and Hydrogeochemical Processes for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes under the Influence of Anthropogenic Activities, North India
The present study was carried out near an industrial area with a high-density urban population and large-scale agricultural activities. These anthropogenic activities lead to groundwater pollution and depletion of the water table. This study attempted to classify pollution sources and hydrochemical facies that help to ensure the suitability of water for agriculture and drinking. Irrigation suitability indexes, water quality index (WQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to twenty-six groundwater samples that were analysed during May 2018 for major cations and anion concentrations. The results revealed that the mechanism of groundwater chemistry has been controlled by the evaporation process with the dominance of hydrochemical facies viz., Ca-Mg-HCO3, Na-K-Cl-SO4, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Na-K-HCO3. The mean dominant concentration for cations is in the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ while anions are HCO3− > SO4− > Cl− > NO3− > CO32− > F−. Irrigation suitability indexes indicated that groundwater in the study area is high in saline and low to medium alkali hazards due to industrial activities. The PCA and HCA also recognized that most of the variations are elucidated by anthropogenic processes, predominantly due to excessive population, industrial emissions, and agricultural activities. Further, the WQI of the study area suggested that 15% of the samples were unsuitable, 69% poor, and the remaining 16% only suitable for drinking purposes. The present article helps to understand the suitability and hydrochemical processes of groundwater for irrigation and drinking, which will help policymakers in water supply planning and management.
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