Mutagenic potential of Gamma rays on Somatic cell division and morphological parameters in Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Concerns about food security are increased depending on the raised world population. To feed the world population might be possible if the food production increases double by 2050. However, this aim is associated with many climate-based comprehensive challenges. Plant breeders take effort to change genetic structures of the plants to improve preferred food by humans. Although classical breeding techniques have presented knowledge of genetic structure of plants, modern breeding such as genetic engineering and mutation breeding give much more information than traditional breeders, the conventional breeding cannot be an appropriate option to improve new characters (Harten, 1998; Ahloowalia & Maluszynski, 2001). Mutation breeding has become a proven way of including alteration in genetic constituents to increase the variability at gene level in a very small period of time crop. Increasing world food security is the main aim for mutation breeding to increase crop production (Kharkwal & Shu, 2009).By using different type of physical and chemical mutagens. Ionizing radiations are also used to sterilize some agriculture product to increase the conservation time and decrease the pathogen propagation when trending these product with the same or from country to country (Melki & Sallami, 2008). Gamma rays are known to be more popular mutagen for their simple application, good penetration, less disposal problems, higher mutation frequency and reproducibility (Chahal & Gosal, 2002). It is most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, their energy level is from ten to several hundred kilo electron volts and have high penetration power as compared to other physical mutagens (Kovacs & Keresztes, 2002).