Morphological characterization and agronomic traits of some lupine genotypes

A two-year study was conducted at Giza Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to evaluate the yield potential of twenty-five lupine genotypes and identify their morphological traits compared with cultivar Giza 1. Twenty six genotypes (75 B 15.17, 75 B 9.15, P 20950, Family 2, Family 4, Family 11, Family 12, Local 12, Local 20, Line 6, Line 15, Line 21, X1/90/72, Sakolta, Qena, Edfo, Isna 1, Isna2, Isna 6, Isna 7, Qous 1, Qous 3, Qous 4, Qous 5, Belbais 9 and Giza 1) were distributed in a randomized complete blocks design in three replications. Sixteen morphological traits were described using UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plant) Guidelines. The morphological characterization indicated that the short or medium growth habits of genotypes at the flower bud stage were absent, and very tall genotypes at the green repining stage were not observed. Also, violet, pink, light yellow, and dark yellow flower wings, as well as late or very late maturing genotypes were absent. Moreover, stem anthocyanin coloration and the leaf green color at the flower bud stage, as well as the density of seed ornamentation were observed in all genotypes. The combined analysis of variance showed that lupine genotypes differed significantly for all the studied traits. Meanwhile, seasonal effects and their interactions were not significant for all the studied traits. Genotypes Qous 5 and P 20950 had a higher number of branches and pods per plant. Meanwhile, genotypes Qous 3 and Qous 5 had a higher number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight. GT-biplot analysis revealed that Qous 4, Belbais 9, Family 2, P 20950, Qous 5, Qous 3 and Qous 1 are considered the most desirable genotypes for yield traits. In addition to, cluster (C) that contains nine genotypes (Family 2, Qous 5, Family 4, Edfo, Isna 6, Isna 2, Belbais 9, Qous 4 and Giza 1) surpassed the other genotypes in seed yield per plant. Concerning on high-yielding genotypes per unit area, Qous 3 and Qous 5 can be promising genotypes for selection criteria to increase lupine productivity. On the basis of previous information and relationships identified, genotypes Qous 4, Belbais 9, Family 2 and Qous 5 can be distinguished for lupine development and preparation future breeding programs in Egypt.