Short–term solar effects

Short–term transient events in the solar atmosphere, namely solar flares and coronal mass ejections, can have a direct influence on near–Earth space and human activities. Recent spacecraft observations have revealed the complex, fine–scale, dynamic nature of the Sun's atmosphere. In the light of the recent observational advances we consider the potential for solar event prediction, both in terms of event–onset prediction at the Sun and the prediction of event arrival at the Earth. We stress that this effort requires a significant programme of research into the underpinning science. It is noted that several new and upcoming developments in space missions as well as in on–going studies with existing spacecraft indicate that significant advances should be expected in our ability to make useful predictions of solar activity as part of a space–weather effort.