引种海滩雏菊叶片生理的快速进化

Claire R. Brandenburger, J. Cooke, W. Sherwin, A. Moles
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引用次数: 6

摘要

光合作用是一个关键的生物过程。然而,当植物被引入到一个新的范围时,我们对植物是否会改变它们的光合作用策略知之甚少。我们找到了20世纪30年代引入澳大利亚的南非海滩雏菊最可能的源种群,并进行了一项普通花园实验,测量了与光合作用相关的10种生理和形态叶片特征。基于理论预测和引种范围内较高的降雨量,我们假设引种植物将具有(i)较高的光合速率,(ii)较低的水分利用效率(WUE)和(iii)较高的氮利用效率。然而,我们发现引进的白杨的光合速率较低,水分利用效率较高,氮利用效率低于南非阿尼斯顿的植物。随后的实地考察表明,阿尼斯顿的植物可能能够在岩石架子上获得水分,而引进的植物生长在沙滩上,那里的水可以迅速消散。我们的意外发现突出表明:(1)将引进物种与其源种群进行比较对于准确评估进化变化具有重要意义;(2)降雨并不总是水资源可用性的合适代表;(3)引入的物种经常经历进化变化,但如果没有详细的生态信息,我们可能无法准确预测这些变化的方向。
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Rapid evolution of leaf physiology in an introduced beach daisy
Photosynthesis is a key biological process. However, we know little about whether plants change their photosynthetic strategy when introduced to a new range. We located the most likely source population for the South African beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia introduced to Australia in the 1930s, and ran a common-garden experiment measuring 10 physiological and morphological leaf traits associated with photosynthesis. Based on predictions from theory, and higher rainfall in the introduced range, we hypothesized that introduced plants would have a (i) higher photosynthetic rate, (ii) lower water-use efficiency (WUE) and (iii) higher nitrogen-use efficiency. However, we found that introduced A. populifolia had a lower photosynthetic rate, higher WUE and lower nitrogen-use efficiency than did plants from Arniston, South Africa. Subsequent site visits suggested that plants in Arniston may be able to access moisture on a rocky shelf, while introduced plants grow on sandy beaches where water can quickly dissipate. Our unexpected findings highlight that: (1) it is important to compare introduced species to their source population for an accurate assessment of evolutionary change; (2) rainfall is not always a suitable proxy for water availability and (3) introduced species often undergo evolutionary changes, but without detailed ecological information we may not be able to accurately predict the direction of these changes.
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