基于新型环保型高性能硅氧烷表面活性剂的新型无氟AFFF的燃烧测试

Ralf Hetzer, F. Kümmerlen, K. Wirz, D. Blunk
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引用次数: 37

摘要

最有效的灭火剂是水成膜泡沫(AFFF)。今天,所有可用的AFFF都含有多氟化合物(PFC),即多氟张力体(PFT),用于在燃烧液体表面建立水膜。这些含氟化合物具有持久性、潜在的生物蓄积性和毒性。因此,寻找这些有问题的表面活性剂的环保替代品是至关重要的。市售的无氟泡沫(FfreeF)缺乏形成水膜的能力。尽管FfreeF在许多情况下表现良好[1,2],但在许多情况下,水成膜成分是快速灭火的必要条件,例如在燃烧液体的情况下。为了获得性能良好的AFFF,一种新的方法是用硅氧烷表面活性剂取代成膜的PFC/PFT。今天,硅氧烷表面活性剂通常用于植物保护剂,纺织品表面处理和润滑剂。由于市面上现有的硅氧烷表面活性剂的性能不适合用于AFFF,设计、合成了新型硅氧烷表面活性剂,并对其作为AFFF成膜成分的适用性进行了测试。确定了模型配方的表面活性和发泡行为。最后,一种实验性无氟AFFF配方已进行了火灾试验。在这种情况下,提出了一种新的对稀有化学品的防火试验。
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Fire Testing a New Fluorine-free AFFF Based on a Novel Class of Environmentally Sound High Performance Siloxane Surfactants
The most effective fire extinguishing agents for pool fires are Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF). Today, all available AFFF contain polyfluorinated compounds (PFC), i.e. polyfluorinated tensides (PFT), to establish the aqueous film on the surface of a burning liquid. These fluorinated compounds are persistent, potentially bio-accumulative and toxic. Therefore it is essential to find environmentally sound substitutes for these problematic surfactants. Commercially available fluorine-free foams (FfreeF) lack the ability of aqueous film formation. Although FfreeF are performing well in many situations [1,2], there are numerous scenarios where an aqueous film forming component is mandatory for fast fire extinguishing, e.g. in case of burning liquids. To achieve a well performing AFFF, a new approach is to replace the film forming PFC/PFT by siloxane surfactants. Today, siloxane surfactants are typically used in plant protective agents, in textile surface treatment and as lubricants. As the properties of commercially available siloxane surfactants are not suitable for AFFF, new siloxane surfactants were designed, synthesized and tested for their suitability as film forming ingredients in AFFF formulations. The surface activity and foaming behaviour of model formulations have been determined. Finally, one experimentally fluorine-free AFFF formulation has been subjected to fire tests. In this context a new fire test for scarcely available chemicals is presented.
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