Solving the Capacitated Electric Vehicle (EV) Routing Problem by The Differential Evolutionary Algorithm with Adaptive K-Means

This article is designed for solving the routing problem that limit of the electric energy and workload, called the Capacitated Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (CEVRP). The objective of this problem is to search for the optimal routing of a vehicle contain a limited electric energy and goods. The proposed model is based on the concepts of the differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm and the adaptive k-mean algorithm, in addition, the fuzzy technique is also applied with the aim to achieve best overall performance. In order to improve the efficiency of the DE, several aspects have been adopted, such as (1) The proposed model is employed the adaptive K-means algorithm to obtain the ability to search for the best initial solution, (2) The fuzzy technique is determined as the decision making technique which decided when one customer is in-between several clusters and (3) The local and global swap method is introduced to increase the exploitation and exploration capability. The proposed model has been evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm in term of the average percentage deviation from the lower bound.