微管组织对维持细胞形态和功能至关重要

IF 1.8 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Strain Pub Date : 2022-03-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2022/1623181
Lijiang Huang, Yan Peng, Xuetao Tao, Xiaoxiao Ding, Rui Li, Yongsheng Jiang, Wei Zuo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微管(MT)是一种高度动态的聚合物,对多种细胞生理功能至关重要,例如作为定向轨道用于细胞内运输和定位、在细胞分裂过程中指导染色体分离以及控制细胞极性和形态发生。有证据表明,保持神经元中微管(MT)的稳定性对于神经发育、退化和再生等基本细胞和发育过程至关重要。为了实现这些不同的功能,神经系统利用一系列微管相关蛋白(MAPs)来控制 MT 的组织和功能。随后的研究发现,神经元中 MT 功能的破坏是创伤性神经损伤和神经退行性疾病最普遍和最重要的病理特征之一,这种破坏表现为 MT 聚合减少、MT 细胞骨架随之失调以及微管相关蛋白 (MAP) 表达下调。目前正在开发多种能逆转这种病理状态的 MT 靶向药物,这被视为干预这些神经系统异常的发生和发展的治疗机会。在此,我们将概述 MT 的内在组织过程以及 MAPs 如何与 MT 细胞骨架相互作用以促进 MT 聚合、稳定和成束。我们还重点介绍了应用于各种神经系统疾病的 MT 靶向治疗药物的最新进展。这些发现共同提高了我们目前对 MT 组织在神经生长和再生中的功能和调控的认识。
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Microtubule Organization Is Essential for Maintaining Cellular Morphology and Function.

Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers essential for a wide range of cellular physiologies, such as acting as directional railways for intracellular transport and position, guiding chromosome segregation during cell division, and controlling cell polarity and morphogenesis. Evidence has established that maintaining microtubule (MT) stability in neurons is vital for fundamental cellular and developmental processes, such as neurodevelopment, degeneration, and regeneration. To fulfill these diverse functions, the nervous system employs an arsenal of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to control MT organization and function. Subsequent studies have identified that the disruption of MT function in neurons is one of the most prevalent and important pathological features of traumatic nerve damage and neurodegenerative diseases and that this disruption manifests as a reduction in MT polymerization and concomitant deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton, as well as downregulation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) expression. A variety of MT-targeting agents that reverse this pathological condition, which is regarded as a therapeutic opportunity to intervene the onset and development of these nervous system abnormalities, is currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of the MT-intrinsic organization process and how MAPs interact with the MT cytoskeleton to promote MT polymerization, stabilization, and bundling. We also highlight recent advances in MT-targeting therapeutic agents applied to various neurological disorders. Together, these findings increase our current understanding of the function and regulation of MT organization in nerve growth and regeneration.

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来源期刊
Strain
Strain 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Strain is an international journal that contains contributions from leading-edge research on the measurement of the mechanical behaviour of structures and systems. Strain only accepts contributions with sufficient novelty in the design, implementation, and/or validation of experimental methodologies to characterize materials, structures, and systems; i.e. contributions that are limited to the application of established methodologies are outside of the scope of the journal. The journal includes papers from all engineering disciplines that deal with material behaviour and degradation under load, structural design and measurement techniques. Although the thrust of the journal is experimental, numerical simulations and validation are included in the coverage. Strain welcomes papers that deal with novel work in the following areas: experimental techniques non-destructive evaluation techniques numerical analysis, simulation and validation residual stress measurement techniques design of composite structures and components impact behaviour of materials and structures signal and image processing transducer and sensor design structural health monitoring biomechanics extreme environment micro- and nano-scale testing method.
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