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引用次数: 29

摘要

核移植技术的发展极大地促进了克隆和转基因动物的生产。过去,家畜的基因改造并没有受到严格的控制。利用核移植技术,人们现在可以创造出一些具有特定基因修饰的家畜。越来越多的细胞类型被成功地用作克隆的供体。细胞融合和显微注射都成功地用于制造这些动物。然而,供体细胞和受体细胞在细胞周期的哪个阶段发育程度最大尚不清楚。虽然大部分基因表达在核移植胚胎中被重新编程,但所有的结构变化可能不会被纠正,正如核移植引起的绵羊端粒长度所证明的那样。即使在这些动物被创造出来之后,“它们真的是克隆吗?”的问题也会出现,因为来自供体细胞和受体卵母细胞的线粒体遗传。这篇综述讨论了这些与牲畜有关的问题。
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Advances in livestock nuclear transfer.
Cloning and transgenic animal production have been greatly enhanced by the development of nuclear transfer technology. In the past, genetic modification in domestic animals was not tightly controlled. With the nuclear transfer technology one can now create some domestic animals with specific genetic modifications. An ever-expanding variety of cell types have been successfully used as donors to create the clones. Both cell fusion and microinjection are successfully being used to create these animals. However, it is still not clear which stage(s) of the cell cycle for donor and recipient cells yield the greatest degree of development. While for the most part gene expression is reprogrammed in nuclear transfer embryos, all structural changes may not be corrected as evidenced by the length of the telomeres in sheep resulting from nuclear transfer. Even after these animals are created the question of "are they really clones?" arises due to mitochondrial inheritance from the donor cell versus the recipient oocyte. This review discusses these issues as they relate to livestock.
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