Comparison of V-shaped IPM Machines Winding Topologies for Heavy-duty EV Applications

High performance electric machines are critical for heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEV) to enable transportation electrification, where there is a significant performance gap between the traditional internal combustion engines and electrical machine technology. Winding topologies are critical in the design of electrical machines, the developments of which are widely reported in other applications such as automotives, but rarely studied for HDEV applications. This paper will provide a detailed review to assess both widely used and novel winding characteristics in HDEV. Using an 8000RPM, 370kW, interior, V-shaped permanent magnet (PM) machine case study, various winding designs are compared. An evaluation method has been proposed to provide a comprehensive review of each winding topologies' effects on machine performance.