通用航空飞行安全与人为因素

Xia Zhang, Xiaohui Zheng, Quan Wu, Qinglin Zhou, Feifei Wu, Yaping Huang, Yuexin Ma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的对通用航空飞行事故进行回顾性分析,探讨驾驶员性别、年龄、飞行经验等人为因素在飞行事故中的相关作用。为中国通用航空飞行安全提供建设性意见。文献资源与选择国内外关于通用航空飞行安全及人为因素的相关文献。文献引用引用已发表文献38篇。综述了美国在通用航空事故及其预防方面的研究,分析了飞行员性别、年龄、飞行经验及其综合因素在通用航空事故中的作用,并对中国通用航空飞行安全提出了建议。在美国通用航空事故中,人为因素被认为是首要因素。由于自然探险的原因,男性飞行员比女性飞行员更容易发生致命事故;高龄飞行员的飞行经验可能会部分弥补其生理和心理不足导致的工作能力下降,但随着飞行任务中潜在风险的增加,飞行管理有待进一步完善。此外,天气和环境条件、飞行员饮酒、滥用药物等因素也可能导致通用航空事故。中国通用航空即将迎来一个快速发展的阶段。借鉴国内外航空医学的现有研究成果和经验,明确通用航空飞行员的体检标准和机制,加强对飞行员的教育培训,建立健全事故调查制度,将有助于今后减少中国通用航空人为因素飞行事故,提高飞行安全水平。关键词:事故;航空;重量;性别身份;年龄因素;飞行经验
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General aviation flight safety and human factors
Objective To retrospectively analyze the general aviation flight accidents,and the related role of human factors such as pilot's gender,age,flight experience,etc.that played in flight accident as well as to provide constructive advices to China general aviation flight safety.Literature resource and selection Relevant literatures on flight safety of general aviation and human factors published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-eight published literatures were cited.Literature synthesis U.S.general aviation accident and prevention researches in this area were reviewed,and the roles of pilot's gender,age,flight experience and combination of factors in the general aviation accidents were analyzed,and the advices for China general aviation flight safety were put forward.Human factors were accounted as the first factor in U.S.general aviation accidents.More male pilots were involved in fatal accidents than female pilots because of the nature adventure reason; older pilots' flight experiences might partially compensate their work ability reduction due to physiological and psychological shortages,but with the increased risk potential in flying mission,flight management should be further perfected.In addition,weather and environment conditions,pilot's alcohol taking,drug abuse and other factors could contribute to general aviation accidents.Conclusions General aviation of China is about to usher in a stage of rapid development.Learning from domestic and international existing research results and experiences in aviation medicine,specifying medical examination standards and mechanism for general aviation pilots,strengthening the education and training of pilots and establishing a sound system of accident investigation would be fully helpful to reduce China general aviation flying accidents that caused by human factors in future and to improve flight safety level. Key words: Accidents, aviation;  Satety;  Gender identity;  Age factors;  Flight experience
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中华航空航天医学杂志
中华航空航天医学杂志 航空航天医学
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2962
期刊介绍: The aim of Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine is to combine theory and practice, improve and popularize, actively advocate a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, advocate seeking truth from facts, promote the development of the related disciplines of aerospace medicine and human efficiency, and promote the exchange and penetration of aerospace medicine and human efficiency with other biomedical and engineering specialties. Topics of interest for Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine include: -The content of the journal belongs to the discipline of special medicine and military medicine, with the characteristics of multidisciplinary synthesis and cross-penetration, and mainly reflected in the aerospace industry, aerospace flight safety and efficiency, as well as the synthesis of special medicine, preventive medicine, environmental medicine, psychology, etc. -Military aeromedicine (Air Force, Navy and Army aeromedicine) and civil aeromedicine, with a balance of aerospace medicine are the strengths of the journal. -The change in aerospace medicine from a focus on promoting physiological compensatory adaptations to enhancing human performance under extreme environmental conditions is what the journal is helping to promote. -The expansion of manuscripts in high altitude medicine is also a special emphasis of the journal.
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