Assess the Degree of Genetic Divergence among Sixteen Complex Genetically Wheat Bread using Indicators SSR

A laboratory study was carried out to; (1) identify the efficient primer(s) which be used to detect alleles,(2) estimate the degree of diversity among the studied genotypes, and (3) determinate the suitable genotypes which show high degree of diversity in order to improve the economic characters for the local genotypes. The present study was conduct at Nebraska University/ Field Crop & Horticulture Department during summer season 2013. Ten selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker sets were evaluated in a total of sixteen accessions of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), twelve of which have been introduced from Mexico, two from USA and two are local genotypes (Latifya and Ibah 95).All the 10 markers were polymorphic and produced 45 alleles (average 4.5). The gmw480marker had the higher percentage of frequency, whilexgwm132 and gmw32 markers had the lowest percentage of frequency, therefore they showed high efficient in categorizing the genotypes studied. The PIC values were 0.32 for gmw480 and 0.99 for xgwm132 & gmw32markers (average 0.86). The dissimilarity coefficient (diversity) ranged between 0.20.99(average 0.80). The highest dissimilarity coefficient for the introduced genotypes was 0.97 for BW49398 genotype while the lowest value was 0.71 for CW15-6732 genotype. According to the cluster analysis, the studied genotypes distributed into two major groups. The group I and II consist of four and three sub-groups respectively. A recommendation was made to take advantage of the divergent genotypes in the breeding program. Keyword: Wheat, SSR, Divergence.