How Explainable Machine Learning Enhances Intelligence in Explaining Consumer Purchase Behavior: A Random Forest Model with Anchoring Effects

This study proposes a random forest model to address the limited explanation of consumer purchase behavior in search advertising, considering the influence of anchoring effects on rational consumer behavior. The model comprises two components: prediction and explanation. The prediction part employs various algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), adaptive boosting (ADA), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), naive bayes (NB), and random forest (RF), for optimal prediction. The explanation part utilizes the SHAP explainable framework to identify significant indicators and reveal key factors influencing consumer purchase behavior and their relative importance. Our results show that (1) the explainable machine learning model based on the random forest algorithm performed optimally (F1 = 0.8586), making it suitable for analyzing and predicting consumer purchase behavior. (2) The dimension of product information is the most crucial attribute influencing consumer purchase behavior, with features such as sales level, display priority, granularity, and price significantly influencing consumer perceptions. These attributes can be considered by merchants to develop appropriate tactics for improving the user experience. (3) Consumers’ purchase intentions vary based on the presented anchor point. Specifically, high anchor information related to product quality ratings increases the likelihood of purchase, while price anchors prompted consumers to compare similar products and opt for the most economical option. Our findings provide guidance for optimizing marketing strategies and improving user experience while also contributing to a deeper understanding of the decision−making mechanisms and pathways in online consumer purchase behavior.